{"id":119,"date":"2020-09-03T18:29:53","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T18:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1:81\/wordpress\/?page_id=119"},"modified":"2023-07-06T07:31:14","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T07:31:14","slug":"salidzinosa-analize","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/unesco.kuldiga.lv\/lv\/iss-unesco-pieteikums\/salidzinosa-analize\/","title":{"rendered":"Sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101 anal\u012bze"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101 anal\u012bze\u200b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Kuld\u012bga tiek nomin\u0113ta iek\u013cau\u0161anai Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 k\u0101 viens no nedaudziem atliku\u0161ajiem un vislab\u0101k saglab\u0101tajiem \u00a0v\u0113sturiskajiem\u00a0 urb\u0101najiem\u00a0 centriem, kas p\u0101rst\u0101v iev\u0113rojumu v\u0113sturisku Baltijas re\u0123ion\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113ju\u0161u imp\u0113riju \u2013 Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogisti (1561\u2013 1795). Hercogistes laik\u0101 pils\u0113ta bija noz\u012bm\u012bgs urb\u0101nais centrs, un taj\u0101 atrad\u0101s galven\u0101s p\u0101rvaldes instit\u016bcijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b ekonomiskie un agr\u012bnie industri\u0101lie objekti. Lai sniegtu detaliz\u0113tu izpratni par visiem pils\u0113tas komponentiem Kuld\u012bg\u0101, kas ir radu\u0161ies Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101 vai ar\u012b pild\u012bju\u0161i noz\u012bm\u012bgu funkciju hercogistes administrat\u012bvaj\u0101, ekonomiskaj\u0101 un soci\u0101laj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113, 2019.\u00a0gada vasar\u0101 tika veikta attiec\u012bgo atrib\u016btu kart\u0113\u0161ana. V\u0113sturisk\u0101s apb\u016bves strukt\u016bras un b\u016bvju apseko\u0161anas gait\u0101 tika apzin\u0101ti vair\u0101ki atrib\u016bti, kas tika izp\u0113t\u012bti un piln\u012bb\u0101 kart\u0113ti. Galvenais uzsvars tika likts uz da\u017e\u0101diem pils\u0113tpl\u0101nojuma un pils\u0113tas strukt\u016bras aspektiem, piem\u0113ram, ielu t\u012bklu, \u016bdenstilp\u0113m, za\u013caj\u0101m zon\u0101m, k\u0101 ar\u012b kulta, sabiedrisko, dz\u012bvojamo un saimniec\u012bbas \u0113ku novietojumu. Ielu ainava, ietverot namu fas\u0101des, veidoja otro kategoriju, kas tika kart\u0113ta un analiz\u0113ta, \u012bpa\u0161u uzman\u012bbu piev\u0113r\u0161ot materi\u0101lu izmantojumam un arhitekt\u016bras iez\u012bm\u0113m, kas sniedz liec\u012bbu par Kurzemes amatniec\u012bbu un multikultur\u0101lo sabiedr\u012bbu. Maz\u0101ka v\u0113r\u012bba tika velt\u012bta \u0113ku interjeriem un pils\u0113tas panor\u0101mai no da\u017e\u0101diem skatupunktiem. Nomin\u0101cijas materi\u0101los iek\u013cautie kart\u0113s redzamie atrib\u016btu kart\u0113\u0161anas rezult\u0101ti, kart\u0113to fas\u0101\u017eu att\u0113li un telpu pl\u0101nojums deva ar\u012b pamatu sal\u012bdzino\u0161ajai anal\u012bzei t\u0101d\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101, ka Kuld\u012bg\u0101 apzin\u0101tie atrib\u016bti kalpo k\u0101 atskaites punkts, kuram sal\u012bdzin\u0101tajiem piem\u0113riem b\u016btu j\u0101l\u012bdzin\u0101s vai kur\u0161 tiem b\u016btu j\u0101p\u0101rsp\u0113j.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sal\u012bdzino\u0161aj\u0101 anal\u012bz\u0113 izmantot\u0101 metodolo\u0123ija\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>

21.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101, tiecoties p\u0101rskat\u012bt Pasaules mantojuma sarakstu, Pasaules mantojuma konvencijas konsultat\u012bv\u0101 organiz\u0101cija ICOMOS veica p\u0113t\u012bjumu \u201cPasaules mantojuma saraksts: robu aizpild\u012b\u0161ana \u2013 r\u012bc\u012bbas pl\u0101ns n\u0101kotnei\u201d (ICOMOS 2004). \u0160aj\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 organiz\u0101cija izstr\u0101d\u0101ja tr\u012bs metodes, k\u0101 lab\u0101k klasific\u0113t Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 un nacion\u0101lajos sarakstos iek\u013caut\u0101s mantojuma vietas: tipolo\u0123iskais ietvars, tematiskais ietvars un re\u0123ion\u0101li hronolo\u0123iskais ietvars (ICOMOS 2004, 5).<\/p>

\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 mantojuma vietai piem\u012bto\u0161\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u0101s iez\u012bmes, kas uzsver Kuld\u012bgas k\u0101 p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s vislab\u0101k saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s urb\u0101n\u0101s liec\u012bbas par Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes noz\u012bmi, balstoties (iii) krit\u0113rij\u0101, sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101 anal\u012bze tika veikta galvenok\u0101rt re\u0123ion\u0101i hronolo\u0123iskaj\u0101 ietvar\u0101. Vienlaikus sal\u012bdzino\u0161aj\u0101 anal\u012bz\u0113 iek\u013cauti apsv\u0113rumi, kas figur\u0113tu tipolo\u0123iskaj\u0101 ietvar\u0101, koncentr\u0113jot uzman\u012bbu uz cit\u0101m apdz\u012bvot\u0101m viet\u0101m un pils\u0113t\u0101m, kas var\u0113tu ilustr\u0113t l\u012bdz\u012bgus atrib\u016btus, vai ar\u012b tematiskaj\u0101 ietvar\u0101, apl\u016bkojot mantojuma vietas atrib\u016btus, kas sniedz liec\u012bbu par starptautisko tirdzniec\u012bbu, politisko neitralit\u0101ti, migr\u0101ciju un starptautisko kult\u016bras apmai\u0146u.<\/p>

Sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101 anal\u012bze tika veikta tr\u012bs f\u0101z\u0113s.<\/p>

  • Pirm\u0101 da\u013ca tiecas sal\u012bdzin\u0101t citas Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 jau iek\u013cautas mantojuma vietas, k\u0101 ar\u012b l\u012bdz\u012bgas nacion\u0101lajos sarakstos iek\u013cautas mantojuma vietas. Ir \u013coti maz adekv\u0101tu piem\u0113ru, kur koncentr\u0113ta\u00a0 uzman\u012bba uz specifisko re\u0123ion\u0101lo un laikaposma kontekstu. Lai gan varam nor\u0101d\u012bt uz da\u017e\u0101m cit\u0101m \u0161aj\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113 atz\u012bt\u0101m pils\u0113t\u0101m, neviena no t\u0101m nav aktu\u0101la t\u0101 v\u0113st\u012bjuma kontekst\u0101, k\u0101du Kuld\u012bga tiecas p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113t.<\/li>
  • Otraj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 tiek apl\u016bkotas citas re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s Zieme\u013ceirop\u0101 un Austrumeirop\u0101 laik\u0101 no 16.\u00a0gadsimta nogales l\u012bdz 18.\u00a0gadsimtam past\u0101v\u0113ju\u0161\u0101s varas, kam bija l\u012bdz\u012bga strukt\u016bra, lai stiprin\u0101tu izvirz\u012bto apgalvojumu, ka Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogiste izveidoja pietiekami noz\u012bm\u012bgas mantojuma liec\u012bbas, lai t\u0101s tiktu atz\u012btas glob\u0101laj\u0101 m\u0113rog\u0101 un iek\u013cautas Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101.<\/li>
  • Tre\u0161aj\u0101 un, iesp\u0113jams, visaktu\u0101l\u0101kaj\u0101 sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s anal\u012bzes da\u013c\u0101 uzman\u012bba tiek koncentr\u0113ta uz vis\u0101m viet\u0101m, kas potenci\u0101li var\u0113tu sniegt liec\u012bbu par Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes lomu un ietekmi, k\u0101 ar\u012b dz\u012bvi, pils\u0113tpl\u0101nojuma un soci\u0101lo strukt\u016bru. \u0160is sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums tiek detaliz\u0113ti veikts un balst\u0101s apskat\u0101 par visiem citiem apdz\u012bvotu vietu kontekstiem, kas var sniegt l\u012bdz\u012bgas liec\u012bbas. Autori uzskata, ka \u0161\u012b tre\u0161\u0101 noda\u013ca ir visaktu\u0101l\u0101k\u0101, pamatojot, k\u0101p\u0113c Kuld\u012bga ir ne tikai vislab\u0101k saglab\u0101t\u0101, bet ar\u012b vien\u012bg\u0101 mantojuma vieta un v\u0113sturiskais centrs, kas sp\u0113j sniegt piln\u012bgu liec\u012bbu par \u0161o ietekm\u012bgo un ilgi past\u0101v\u0113ju\u0161o imp\u0113riju.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 un nacion\u0101lajos sarakstos iek\u013caut\u0101s mantojuma vietas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

    Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 jau ir iek\u013cauti vair\u0101ki Eiropas un Zieme\u013camerikas re\u0123iona v\u0113sturiskie pils\u0113tu centri. Zieme\u013ceiropas un Austrumeiropas re\u0123ion\u0101 to skait\u0101 ir: Brigene Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 (1979), Hanzas pils\u0113ta Visbija Zviedrij\u0101 (1995), Hanzas pils\u0113ta L\u012bbeka V\u0101cij\u0101 (1987), R\u012bgas v\u0113sturiskais centrs Latvij\u0101 (1997), Sanktp\u0113terburgas v\u0113sturiskais centrs un ar to saist\u012bt\u0101s pieminek\u013cu grupas Krievijas Feder\u0101cij\u0101 (1990), \u0160tr\u0101lzundes un Vism\u0101ras v\u0113sturiskie centri V\u0101cij\u0101 (2002), Tallinas v\u0113sturiskais centrs (vecpils\u0113ta) Igaunij\u0101 (1997), Karlskronas j\u016bras osta Zviedrij\u0101 (1998), Sen\u0101 Rauma Somij\u0101 (1991) un Vi\u013c\u0146as v\u0113sturiskais centrs Lietuv\u0101 (1994).<\/p>

    No \u0161\u012bm pils\u0113t\u0101m vien\u012bgi Brigene ir iek\u013cauta sarakst\u0101, balstoties uz (iii) krit\u0113riju, kas atz\u012bst \u201cunik\u0101lu vai vismaz izcilu liec\u012bbu par kult\u016bras trad\u012bciju vai civiliz\u0101ciju, kas past\u0101v joproj\u0101m vai ir izzudusi\u201d. Pasaules mantojuma vieta Brigene ir iek\u013cauta \u0161aj\u0101 kategorij\u0101, pateicoties pils\u0113tas sp\u0113jai ilustr\u0113t 14. gadsimta Hanzas savien\u012bbas tirdzniec\u012bbas mezgla urb\u0101no vidi k\u0101 vien\u012bgais saglab\u0101tais Hanzas tirgot\u0101ju kantoris \u0101rzem\u0113s. Lai gan abas mantojuma vietas ir sal\u012bdzin\u0101mas tematiskaj\u0101 ietvar\u0101, jo abas pils\u0113tas iesaist\u012bj\u0101s starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101 un bija da\u013ca no Hanzas savien\u012bbas, \u0161\u012b Kuld\u012bgas \u012bpatn\u012bba neattiecas uz \u0161aj\u0101 nomin\u0101cij\u0101 izteikto \u012bpa\u0161as noz\u012bmes univers\u0101lo v\u0113rt\u012bbu, jo t\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s laik\u0101 pirms Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes dibin\u0101\u0161anas. Brigenes pils\u0113tvide un arhitektoniskais stils att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s agr\u0101k\u0101 laikaposm\u0101, un to veidoja at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgs politiskais konteksts.<\/p>

    L\u012bdz\u012bgi Brigenei ar\u012b vair\u0101kas citas vietas sarakst\u0101 ir iek\u013cautas saist\u012bb\u0101 ar to noz\u012bmi Hanzas savien\u012bbas kontekst\u0101, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di taj\u0101s v\u0113sturiskais fokuss ir at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgs nek\u0101 nomin\u0113taj\u0101 mantojuma viet\u0101. Hanzas pils\u0113ta L\u012bbeka ir iek\u013cauta sarakst\u0101 k\u0101 Hanzas savien\u012bbas galvaspils\u0113ta, kas p\u0101rst\u0101v \u0161aj\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bgaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bbas Baltijas j\u016br\u0101 laikaposm\u0101 b\u016bv\u0113to \u0113ku tipolo\u0123iju. \u0160tr\u0101lzundes un Vism\u0101ras v\u0113sturiskie centri, papildus tam, ka tie p\u0101rst\u0101v Hanzas savien\u012bbas vendu pils\u0113tu frakciju, ilustr\u0113 ar\u012b pils\u0113tu k\u0101 administrat\u012bvo centru att\u012bst\u012bbu Zviedrijas Karalist\u0113, k\u0101 ar\u012b specifisko \u0137ie\u0123e\u013cu gotikas izmantojumu. Tallinas v\u0113sturiskais centrs (vecpils\u0113ta) ir iek\u013cauts sarakst\u0101, jo tas ilustr\u0113 Hanzas savien\u012bbas 13.\u201316.\u00a0gadsimta tirdzniec\u012bbas mezgla Zieme\u013caustrumeirop\u0101 starptautisko ietekmi. Savuk\u0101rt Hanzas pils\u0113ta Visbija p\u0101rst\u0101v nocietin\u0101tu Hanzas savien\u012bbas tirdzniec\u012bbas centru Zieme\u013ceirop\u0101 12., 13. un 14.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Lai gan vis\u0101m \u0161\u012bm viet\u0101m ar Kuld\u012bgu kop\u012bgs ir starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas aspekts, t\u0101s koncentr\u0113jas uz at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu kult\u016bras fenomenu, laika ietvaru un politisko p\u0101rst\u0101vniec\u012bbu nek\u0101 tas, ko uzsver Kuld\u012bga \/ Goldingena Kurzem\u0113.\u00a0<\/p>

    Ir ar\u012b da\u017ei v\u0113sturiski urb\u0101nie centri, kas p\u0101rst\u0101v da\u017eas ar Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogisti vien\u0101 laikaposm\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113ju\u0161as politisk\u0101s vien\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, Zviedrijas Karalisti un Lietuvas Di\u017ekunigaitiju. Karlskronas j\u016bras osta liecina par 17.\u00a0gadsimta ostas pils\u0113tas pl\u0101nojumu Zviedrijas Karalist\u0113, ilustr\u0113jot \u0161\u012bs politisk\u0101s imp\u0113rijas milit\u0101ros nol\u016bkus. R\u012bgas v\u0113sturiskais centrs bija noz\u012bm\u012bga Hanzas savien\u012bbas pils\u0113ta 13.\u201315.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 un liel\u0101k\u0101 provinces pils\u0113ta Zviedrij\u0101 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Ta\u010du t\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161as noz\u012bmes univers\u0101l\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba pau\u017e at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101 arhitektonisk\u0101 stil\u0101 iemiesotu cilv\u0113ces rado\u0161o izpausmi, piem\u0113ram, ar savu 19.\u00a0gadsimta koka arhitekt\u016bru un iev\u0113rojamaj\u0101m j\u016bgendstila \u0113k\u0101m. Sanktp\u0113terburgas v\u0113sturiskais centrs un ar to saist\u012bt\u0101s pieminek\u013cu grupas tika uzb\u016bv\u0113tas 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 Kurzemes- Zemgales austrumu kaimi\u0146zem\u0113 \u2013 Krievijas imp\u0113rij\u0101. T\u0101s p\u0101rst\u0101v iev\u0113rojamus imp\u0113rijas sasniegumus urb\u0101n\u0101 dizaina un arhitekt\u016bras jom\u0101, piem\u0113ram, ar saviem izcilajiem baroka pi\u013cu paraugiem. Vi\u013c\u0146as v\u0113sturiskais centrs sniedz liec\u012bbu par Kurzemes hercogistes dienvidu kaimi\u0146a \u2013 Lietuvas Di\u017ekunigaitijas \u2013 galvaspils\u0113tu. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161as noz\u012bmes univers\u0101l\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba tiek pamatota, nevis fokus\u0113joties uz konkr\u0113tiem gadsimtiem, bet gan uz sl\u0101\u0146iem, kas galvaspils\u0113t\u0101 nep\u0101rtraukti k\u0101rtoj\u0101s cits uz cita devi\u0146u gadsimtu garum\u0101.<\/p>

    Visbeidzot Sen\u0101 Rauma Somij\u0101 ir iek\u013cauta sarakst\u0101, tikai balstoties uz t\u0101s lomu Zieme\u013ceiropas pils\u0113tu tipolo\u0123ij\u0101, \u012bpa\u0161i viet\u0113j\u0101s koka arhitekt\u016bras kontekst\u0101. Lai gan \u0161\u012b pils\u0113ta ir saglab\u0101jusi l\u012bdz\u012bgas specifiskas amatniec\u012bbas prasmes, kas ar\u012b \u0161eit joproj\u0101m tiek izmantotas, t\u0101s atrib\u016bti ir koncentr\u0113ti uz konkr\u0113tu arhitekt\u016bras tipu, nevis ekonomisko un politisko kontekstu, k\u0101d\u0101 tas att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s. Hronolo\u0123isk\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 vairums Raumas ori\u0123in\u0101l\u0101s koka arhitekt\u016bras dat\u0113jams ar 18.\u00a0gadsimta nogali un 19.\u00a0gadsimtu. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no Sen\u0101s Raumas Kuld\u012bga nekoncentr\u0113jas uz arhitekt\u016bras tipu, bet gan uz urb\u0101no ansambli, kas sniedz liec\u012bbu par v\u0113sturisku sabiedr\u012bbu. Ta\u010du Pasaules mantojuma vietas Sen\u0101s Raumas speci\u0101listi ir stabils Kuld\u012bgas Restaur\u0101cijas centra partneris un starp \u0161\u012bm mantojuma viet\u0101m bie\u017ei notiek savstarp\u0113j\u0101 pieredzes apmai\u0146a.<\/p>

    P\u0101rskatot \u0161obr\u012bd Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 iek\u013caut\u0101s mantojuma vietas, tikai vienai no t\u0101m tika atkl\u0101ta saikne ar Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogisti: mantojuma vietai Kuntas Kinteha sala un ar to saist\u012btie objekti (iek\u013cauta sarakst\u0101 2003.\u00a0gad\u0101 k\u0101 J\u0113kaba (D\u017eeimsa) sala un ar to saist\u012btie objekti, saska\u0146\u0101 ar krit\u0113rijiem\u00a0 (iii) un (iv)) Gambij\u0101. Kuntas Kinteha sala (jeb J\u0113kaba sala) ir vieta, kur J\u0113kabs Ketlers (ang\u013cu valod\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113ts ar\u012b par D\u017eeimsu (James) Ketleru) dibin\u0101ja koloniju, no kuras vi\u0146\u0161 eksport\u0113ja preces uz Ameriku. Sala un vair\u0101ki citi ar to saist\u012bti objekti Gambijas upes krast\u0101 tika iek\u013cauti sarakst\u0101, jo tie \u201csniedz unik\u0101lu liec\u012bbu par da\u017e\u0101daj\u0101m \u0100frikas un Eiropas saskarsmes \u0161\u0137autn\u0113m laik\u0101 no 15. l\u012bdz 20.\u00a0gadsimtam. Upe kalpoja k\u0101 pirmais tirdzniec\u012bbas mar\u0161ruts \u0100frikas iek\u0161zem\u0113 un bija saist\u012bta ar\u012b ar vergu tirdzniec\u012bbu.\u201d (UNESCO 2012, 71). T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0161\u012bs mantojuma vietas iek\u013cau\u0161ana sarakst\u0101 tikai fragment\u0101ri atspogu\u013co Kurzemes hercogistes noz\u012bmi un \u0161\u012b Pasaules mantojuma vieta nerada \u0161\u0137\u0113r\u0161\u013cus koncentr\u0113t k\u0101du Pasaules mantojuma iniciat\u012bvu uz hercogisti.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

    \u0160obr\u012bd Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101, balstoties tikai uz (iii) krit\u0113riju un nepievienojot citus krit\u0113rijus,\u00a0 kopum\u0101 ierakst\u012btas se\u0161as pils\u0113tas. No t\u0101m tr\u012bs atrodas Eiropas un Zieme\u013camerikas UNESCO re\u0123ion\u0101 un pa vienai Ar\u0101bu valst\u012bs, \u0100zij\u0101, Klus\u0101 oke\u0101na re\u0123ion\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b Lat\u012b\u0146amerik\u0101 un Kar\u012bbu re\u0123ion\u0101. \u0160\u012bs mantojuma vietas ir: Brigene Norv\u0113\u0123ij\u0101 (1979), Bernes vecpils\u0113ta \u0160veic\u0113 (1983), Sanmarino v\u0113sturiskais centrs un Titano kalns Sanmarino (2008), Feni\u0137ie\u0161u pils\u0113ta Kerku\u0101na un t\u0101s nekropole Tunisij\u0101 (1985), V\u0113sturisk\u0101 Ajutaijas pils\u0113ta Taizem\u0113 (1991) un J\u016bras ostas Valpara\u00edso v\u0113sturiskais kvart\u0101ls \u010c\u012bl\u0113 (2003). \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 nomin\u0113t\u0101s mantojuma vietas narat\u012bva specifisko re\u0123ion\u0101lo un laika ietvaru, sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam tika \u0146emti tikai Eiropas piem\u0113ri.<\/p>

    Brigene tika aprakst\u012bta jau iepriek\u0161, t\u0101p\u0113c j\u0101piemin ar\u012b divas citas Eiropas pils\u0113tas, kas sarakst\u0101 iek\u013cautas atbilsto\u0161i (iii) krit\u0113rijam. Bernes vecpils\u0113ta ilustr\u0113 pils\u0113tas v\u0113sturisk\u0101 centra integr\u0101ciju m\u016bsdienu \u0160veices galvaspils\u0113tas urb\u0101naj\u0101 strukt\u016br\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 aspekt\u0101 t\u0101 ir sal\u012bdzin\u0101ma ar Kuld\u012bgu k\u0101 urb\u0101ns un administrat\u012bvs centrs, kas ir saglab\u0101jis v\u0113sturisko viduslaiku pils\u0113tvides strukt\u016bru un sekm\u012bgi to integr\u0113jis m\u016bsdienu pils\u0113tainav\u0101. Sanmarino v\u0113sturiskais centrs un Titano kalns p\u0101rst\u0101v noz\u012bm\u012bgu politisk\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas posmu, ko ilustr\u0113 urb\u0101no telpu nep\u0101rtraukt\u012bba. Politisk\u0101 vien\u012bba, kas nodibin\u0101j\u0101s Sanmarino 13.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, past\u0101v joproj\u0101m, un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tai ir bijusi ilglaic\u012bga ietekme uz \u0161\u012bs konkr\u0113t\u0101s pils\u0113tvalsts sabiedr\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r abas mantojuma vietas p\u0101rst\u0101v Rietum\/Vidusj\u016bras Eiropas re\u0123ionu un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nevar apgalvot, ka tie sniedz liec\u012bbu par l\u012bdz\u012bgiem procesiem Baltijas zem\u0113s. \u0160is aspekts atspogu\u013cojas ar\u012b pils\u0113tas atrib\u016btos, kuri at\u0161\u0137iras no arhitekt\u016bras, k\u0101da att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s Kuld\u012bg\u0101 Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101.<\/p>

    Nacion\u0101lajos sarakstos iek\u013caut\u0101s v\u0113sturisk\u0101s pils\u0113tas p\u0101rsvar\u0101 sniedz liec\u012bbas par at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu re\u0123ion\u0101lo kontekstu, jo t\u0101s atrodas Kenij\u0101 (Gedi v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta), Indon\u0113zij\u0101 (Jogjakartas v\u0113sturiskais pils\u0113tas centrs), Korejas Republik\u0101 (Naganeupseong, nocietin\u0101t\u0101 pils\u0113ta), Jemen\u0101 (S\u0101das v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta un Tulas v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta), \u012arij\u0101 (Dublinas v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta), Portug\u0101l\u0113 (Pasaules pils\u0113ta v\u0113sturisk\u0101 Lisabona un Renesanses laika hercogu pils\u0113ta Vilavikoa), Turcij\u0101 (Harputas v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta, Beipazari v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta un Birgi v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta) un Meksik\u0101 (Alamosas v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta un San Sebasti\u00e1n del Oeste v\u0113sturisk\u0101 pils\u0113ta). No \u0161\u012bm mantojuma viet\u0101m sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam aktu\u0101la ir tikai Renesanses laika hercogu pils\u0113ta Vilavikoa, jo t\u0101 raksturo hercogistes apdz\u012bvoto centru un \u0161\u012b mantojuma turpin\u0101\u0161anos l\u012bdz m\u016bsdien\u0101m. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012b pils\u0113ta rad\u0101s glu\u017ei at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101 kontekst\u0101, jo t\u0101 atrodas Dienvideirop\u0101 un dat\u0113jama ar agr\u0101ku laika ietvaru \u2013 14.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kumu.<\/p>

    Tikai tr\u012bs nacion\u0101lajos sarakstos iek\u013caut\u0101s v\u0113sturisk\u0101s pils\u0113tas atrodas taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101 k\u0101 Kuld\u012bga. Lietuvas mantojuma vieta Tra\u0137u v\u0113sturiskais nacion\u0101lais parks ietver Tra\u0137u pils\u0113tu un t\u0101s k\u0101 aizsardz\u012bbas centra lomu Lietuvas Di\u017ekunigaitij\u0101 13. un 14. gadsimt\u0101. \u0160\u012b vieta ir nomin\u0113ta k\u0101 jaukta tipa mantojuma vieta. Mantpjuma vietai Gda\u0146ska \u2013 atmi\u0146as un br\u012bv\u012bbas pils\u0113ta Polij\u0101 pied\u0101v\u0101tais narat\u012bvs ir saist\u012bts ar t\u0101s 16. un 17.\u00a0gadsimta arhitektoniskaj\u0101 un urb\u0101naj\u0101 mantojum\u0101 iemiesoto tipolo\u0123iju, k\u0101 ar\u012b ar sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101m nemateri\u0101laj\u0101m asoci\u0101cij\u0101m ar atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101s kust\u012bb\u0101m. Savuk\u0101rt Baltkrievijas nacion\u0101laj\u0101 sarakst\u0101 iek\u013cauta Koka reli\u0123isk\u0101 arhitekt\u016bra (17.\u201318.\u00a0gadsimts) Po\u013cesj\u0113. Lai gan \u0161aj\u0101 mantojuma viet\u0101 atrodamas l\u012bdz\u012bgas arhitektonisk\u0101s liec\u012bbas k\u0101 Kuld\u012bg\u0101, t\u0101s arhitektonisk\u0101 stila apraksts koncentr\u0113jas uz koka \u0113k\u0101m un ir veidots specifisk\u0101 reli\u0123isk\u0101 kontekst\u0101.\u00a0<\/p>

    L\u012bdz\u0101s Kuld\u012bgas pils\u0113tai \u2013 hercogisti p\u0101rst\u0101vo\u0161ai Pasaules mantojuma nomin\u0101cijas vietai \u2013 Latvija ir iek\u013c\u0101vusi nacion\u0101laj\u0101 sarakst\u0101 turpm\u0101kaj\u0101m Pasaules mantojuma nomin\u0101cij\u0101m tikai divas vietas: Daugavas lokus upes aug\u0161tec\u0113, kur atrodas da\u017e\u0101da rakstura objekti, kas nav saist\u012bti ar Kurzemes hercogisti un neiek\u013caujas t\u0101s k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101 teritorij\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b Grobi\u0146as arheolo\u0123isko ansambli (UNESCO 2019). Grobi\u0146as pils\u0113ta ir iek\u013cauta sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s anal\u012bzes apskat\u0101 t\u0101p\u0113c, ka hercogistes laik\u0101 tur atrad\u0101s pilskunga rezidence un pateicoties t\u0101s visp\u0101r\u0113jai noz\u012bmei k\u0101 nocietin\u0101tam punktam uz Hellweg\u00a0ce\u013ca.<\/p>

    Nosl\u0113gum\u0101 j\u0101atz\u012bst, ka, sal\u012bdzinot Kuld\u012bgu\/Goldingenu Kurzem\u0113 ar l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101m Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b nacion\u0101lajos sarakstos iek\u013caut\u0101m viet\u0101m, atkl\u0101jas, ka \u0161obr\u012bd nav nevienas citas mantojuma vietas, kas var sniegt v\u0113st\u012bjumu par Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes urb\u0101no centru att\u012bst\u012bbu. Faktiski visu apkaim\u0113 past\u0101v\u0113ju\u0161o politisko imp\u0113riju v\u0113sturisko urb\u0101no centru p\u0101rst\u0101vniec\u012bba sarakstos pastiprina argumentu par labu Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes aspekta iek\u013cau\u0161anai Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101, lai at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgo aspektu loks par 17. un 18.\u00a0gadsimta Baltijas v\u0113sturi b\u016btu piln\u012bgs.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s lielvaras Zieme\u013ceirop\u0101 un Austrumeirop\u0101 (16.\u201318.\u00a0gadsimts)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

    Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogistes v\u0113stures detaliz\u0113ts apskats r\u0101da, ka, lai gan hercogiste nekad savas past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101 nav bijusi neatkar\u012bga valsts, vair\u0101kiem Kurzemes hercogiem izdev\u0101s k\u013c\u016bt par gandr\u012bz autonomiem valdniekiem. Tas \u012bpa\u0161i attiecas uz 17.\u00a0gadsimtu, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz \u012bso hercoga Ernsta Johana B\u012brona pirmo vald\u012b\u0161anas laiku 18.\u00a0gadsimta vid\u016b. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 hercogi \u2013 \u012bpa\u0161i hercogs J\u0113kabs Ketlers un, lai gan maz\u0101k\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101, ar\u012b vi\u0146a d\u0113ls Fr\u012bdrihs Kazimirs \u2013 var\u0113ja piekopt merkantilu politiku, veicinot agr\u012bno industri\u0101lo att\u012bst\u012bbu, balstoties uz dzelzs r\u016bdas apstr\u0101di, kam vi\u0146i uzb\u016bv\u0113ja nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s ra\u017eotnes. \u0160im procesam nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 dzelzs r\u016bda tika ieg\u016bta uz vietas vai ar\u012b ievesta no cit\u0101m zem\u0113m (Jakov\u013ceva 1993, 102\u201303, 105).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lielgabalu, naglu un citu materi\u0101lu ra\u017eo\u0161anas kapacit\u0101te savuk\u0101rt balst\u012bja viet\u0113jo Ventspil\u012b b\u0101z\u0113to ku\u0123ub\u016bves nozari, kas veidoja vienu no pamatiem pla\u0161ai j\u016bras tirdzniec\u012bbai, koloni\u0101liem pl\u0101niem un l\u012bdz ar to Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes starptautiskai atz\u012b\u0161anai 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101.\u00a0 Kurzemes hercogiem bija savi s\u016bt\u0146i attiec\u012bg\u0101 laika galvenaj\u0101s pils\u0113t\u0101s un ost\u0101s, kur vi\u0146i risin\u0101ja sarunas par tirdzniec\u012bbas l\u012bgumiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b par dinastisk\u0101m attiec\u012bb\u0101m laul\u012bbu ce\u013c\u0101 ar sava laika Eiropas valstu vad\u012bt\u0101jiem.<\/p>

    Ar to vi\u0146i at\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0101s no citiem vald\u012bjumiem Baltijas re\u0123ion\u0101, kuri ne tuvu nebija tik neatkar\u012bgi. P\u0101rdaugavas Livonijas hercogiste, kas atrad\u0101s uz zieme\u013ciem no Daugavas (Vidzeme un Latgale) un iesniedz\u0101s Dienvidigaunij\u0101, p\u0113c V\u0101cu orde\u0146a Livonijas atzara sekulariz\u0101cijas 1561.\u00a0gad\u0101 k\u013cuva par Polijas-Lietuvas provinci (Jakov\u013ceva 1993, 127). \u00a01621.\u00a0gad\u0101 \u0161o teritoriju iekaroja karalis Gustavs II \u0100dolfs un t\u0101 non\u0101ca Zviedrijas kontrol\u0113 (Hoensch 1998, 135). Saska\u0146\u0101 ar 1629. \u00a0gad\u0101 parakst\u012bto Altmarkas pamieru Vidzeme ofici\u0101li tika atz\u012bta par Zviedrijas provinci.\u00a0 Zviedru Vidzem\u0113 bija daudz maz\u0101k dzelzs ra\u017eot\u0146u nek\u0101 Kurzem\u0113 (Jakov\u013ceva 2019, 104\u201305). Kad 1709.\u00a0\u00a0gad\u0101 Poltavas kauj\u0101 Krievijas karasp\u0113ks sak\u0101va zviedrus un Zviedrijas karalim K\u0101rlim XII n\u0101c\u0101s atteikties no Vidzemes, cars P\u0113teris Lielais p\u0101r\u0146\u0113ma kontroli p\u0101r \u0161o re\u0123ionu (Hoensch 1998, 158\u201359) un saglab\u0101ja to, l\u012bdz 1721.\u00a0gad\u0101 Vidzeme tika atz\u012bta par Krievijas provinci saska\u0146\u0101 ar N\u012bstades Miera l\u012bgumu, kas iez\u012bm\u0113ja Liel\u0101 Zieme\u013cu kara ofici\u0101l\u0101s beigas. Visu \u0161o laiku P\u0101rdaugavas Livonijas hercogisti p\u0101rvald\u012bja nevis viet\u0113j\u0101 valdnieku dinastija, bet gan attiec\u012bgo kungu iecelti p\u0101rvaldnieki. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di po\u013cu\/ zviedru p\u0101rvald\u012bt\u0101 Vidzeme un Latgale 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 nevar\u0113ja uzplaukt t\u0101d\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 k\u0101 Kurzeme.<\/p>

    Pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 Eiropas kontekst\u0101 hercogistes bija ierasta politisk\u0101 sist\u0113ma kop\u0161 viduslaikiem. Tom\u0113r vairumu hercogistu un da\u017eu autentiski saglab\u0101ju\u0161os liec\u012bbu par to urb\u0101najiem centriem sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums ar Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogisti ne\u0161\u0137iet adekv\u0101ts da\u017e\u0101du iemeslu d\u0113\u013c, k\u0101, piem\u0113ram, at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgie to past\u0101v\u0113\u0161anas periodi (piem\u0113ram, Pomer\u0101nijas hercogiste beidza past\u0101v\u0113t 1637.\u00a0gad\u0101) vai at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgie to politiskie statusi (piem\u0113ram, Sil\u0113zijas hercogiste bija Polijas province, un glob\u0101laj\u0101 m\u0113rog\u0101 tai bija iev\u0113rojami maz\u0101ka politisk\u0101 un ekonomisk\u0101 ietekme). Situ\u0101cija bija mazliet at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga Pr\u016bsijas hercogist\u0113, kas tika dibin\u0101ta 1525.\u00a0gad\u0101, kad V\u0101cu orde\u0146a lielmestrs Hoencollernu dzimtas p\u0101rst\u0101vis Albrehts no Brandenburgas-Ansbahas zv\u0113r\u0113ja uztic\u012bbu Polijas karalim. Pr\u016bsijas hercogistes konstitucion\u0101l\u0101 strukt\u016bra faktiski bija l\u012bdz\u012bg\u0101ka Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogist\u0113 izveidotajai, kur tika sekots Pr\u016bsijas piem\u0113ram. Albrehtam un vi\u0146a (v\u012brie\u0161u k\u0101rtas) mantiniekiem bija garant\u0113ts hercogistes tronis, kam\u0113r vien tie\u0161\u0101 v\u012brie\u0161u k\u0101rtas l\u012bnija netika p\u0101rrauta. Ta\u010du Albrehta p\u0113ctecis \u2013 vi\u0146a d\u0113ls\u00a0 Albrehts Fr\u012bdrihs \u2013 cieta no gar\u012bgas slim\u012bbas, kas liedza vi\u0146am patst\u0101v\u012bgi p\u0101rvald\u012bt Pr\u016bsijas hercogisti (Clark 2007, 30), t\u0101p\u0113c vi\u0146am tika iecelts pavaldonis. Izmantojot savu radniec\u012bbu ar Polijas karali, kura m\u0101su 1535.\u00a0gad\u0101 bija apprec\u0113jis Brandenburgas hercogs, Joahims II pan\u0101ca, ka, gad\u012bjum\u0101 ja Albrehts Fr\u012bdrihs nomirtu, neatst\u0101jot v\u012brie\u0161u k\u0101rtas mantiniekus, par Pr\u016bsijas hercogistes potenci\u0101lajiem mantiniekiem tiktu atz\u012bti abi vi\u0146a d\u0113li. Turpm\u0101kajos gadu desmitos Brandenburgas Hoencollerniem, izmantojot gan laul\u012bbu politiku (Johana Sigismunda laul\u012bbas ar Albrehta Fr\u012bdriha meitu Pr\u016bsijas Annu 1594.\u00a0gad\u0101, sk.\u00a0 Clark \u00a02007, 30) un nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu p\u0113c hercogistes pavaldo\u0146a (Brandenburgas hercoga Joahima Fr\u012bdriha noz\u012bm\u0113\u0161ana \u0161ai lomai 1603. gad\u0101, sk. turpat), izdev\u0101s pak\u0101peniski att\u012bst\u012bt un stiprin\u0101t pretenzijas uz Pr\u016bsijas hercogisti. Kad Albrehts Fr\u012bdrihs 1618.\u00a0gad\u0101 beidzot nomira, atst\u0101jis tikai divas meitas, Polijas karalis Pr\u016bsijas hercogisti k\u0101 l\u0113ni pie\u0161\u0137\u012bra Brandenburgu dzimtai (Hoensch 1998, 103). Pirm\u0101 Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101 (1655\u20131660) Brandenburga c\u012bn\u012bj\u0101s ab\u0101s pus\u0113s \u2013 s\u0101kum\u0101 atbalstot Zviedrijas karali K\u0101rli X, bet no 1658.\u00a0gada \u2013 Poliju un Austriju. Lai ieg\u016btu Brandenburgas atbalstu, K\u0101rlis X 1656.\u00a0gad\u0101 apsol\u012bja Brandenburgas hercogam Fr\u012bdriham Vilhelmam suver\u0113nu varu p\u0101r Pr\u016bsijas hercogisti (Clark 2007, 73).\u00a0 Savuk\u0101rt Polijas karalis cent\u0101s ieg\u016bt Brandenburgas milit\u0101ro atbalstu Polijai-Lietuvai, pie\u0161\u0137irot Brandenburgai piln\u012bgu neatkar\u012bbu saska\u0146\u0101 ar slepeno V\u0113lenes vieno\u0161anos, ko abas puses parakst\u012bja 1657.\u00a0gad\u0101\u00a0 (Clark 2007, 74). Ta\u010du atbilsto\u0161i starptautiskaj\u0101m ties\u012bb\u0101m Pr\u016bsijas hercogiste palika Polijas-Lietuvas sast\u0101v\u0101 l\u012bdz pat 1773.\u00a0gadam, kad Pr\u016bsijas karaliste un Polija-Lietuva parakst\u012bja vieno\u0161anos, ar kuru tika dar\u012bts gals Pr\u016bsijas vasa\u013ca statusam un tai tika pie\u0161\u0137irta piln\u012bga suverenit\u0101te (Hoensch 1998, 165).\u00a0 \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 v\u0113sturisk\u0101s izmai\u0146as, kas notika p\u0113c hercoga Albrehta no Brandenburgas-Ansbahas n\u0101ves, var teikt, ka kop\u0161 17.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kuma Pr\u016bsijas hercogisti kontrol\u0113ja Brandenburgas Hoencollerni, kuri savu dzimtas m\u012btni bija izveidoju\u0161i Berl\u012bn\u0113, t.i., \u0101rpus Baltijas re\u0123iona.\u00a0 Tas \u013cauj izdar\u012bt secin\u0101jumu, ka Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogiste, \u012bpa\u0161i Ketleru dinastijas vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101, p\u0101rst\u0101v vien\u012bgo Baltijas re\u0123ion\u0101 laik\u0101 no 16.\u00a0gadsimta vidus l\u012bdz 18.\u00a0gadsimtam past\u0101vo\u0161u politisku veidojumu, kas sp\u0113ja veicin\u0101t pla\u0161u ekonomisko progresu un darboties gandr\u012bz neatkar\u012bgi no cit\u0101m Eiropas var\u0101m.\u00a0<\/p>

    K\u0101 r\u0101da sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums ar citiem attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 laik\u0101 past\u0101vo\u0161ajiem politiskajiem veidojumiem, vien\u012bg\u0101 hercogiste, kas savas politisk\u0101s un ekonomisk\u0101s neatkar\u012bbas pak\u0101p\u0113 var tikt sal\u012bdzin\u0101ta ar Kurzemes- Zemgales hercogisti, ir Pr\u016bsijas hercogiste. Abas hercogistes sav\u0101 laik\u0101 baud\u012bja starptautisko atz\u012b\u0161anu, un to sasniegumi bija daudz liel\u0101ki nek\u0101 l\u012bdz\u012bgiem politiskajiem veidojumiem.\u00a0 Pr\u016bsijas izcilie sasniegumi ir atz\u012bti Pasaules mantojuma sarakst\u0101 kop\u0161 1984. gada, kad taj\u0101, balstoties krit\u0113rijos (ii) un (iv), tika iek\u013cautas Augustusburgas un Falkenlustas pilis Br\u012bl\u0113. Turpm\u0101kajos gados Pasaules mantojuma sarakstam tika pievienotas vair\u0101kas citas Pr\u016bsiju p\u0101rst\u0101vo\u0161as vietas, konkr\u0113ti Potsdamas un Berl\u012bnes pilis un parki (1990) un Muzeju sala Berl\u012bn\u0113 (1999).<\/p>

    Balstoties uz iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tajiem argumentiem un uzskatot, ka Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogiste starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas jom\u0101 bija v\u0113l augst\u0101k att\u012bst\u012bta nek\u0101 Pr\u016bsijas hercogiste, autori ir p\u0101rliecin\u0101ti, ka ir pamats atz\u012bt Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogisti par UNESCO Pasaules mantojumu, \u012bpa\u0161i \u00a0ICOMOS \u00a0p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 \u201cRobu aizpild\u012b\u0161ana\u201d (2004) izstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101s v\u0113sturiski re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s pieejas kontekst\u0101.<\/p>

    Uz Kurzemes starptautisko reput\u0101ciju 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, kas bez \u0161aub\u0101m p\u0101rst\u0101v ar\u012b hercogistes noz\u012bm\u012bguma Eirop\u0101 kulmin\u0101ciju, nor\u0101da ne tikai hercogistes v\u0113sture, bet ar\u012b k\u0101da neveiksm\u012bga, bet intri\u0123\u0113jo\u0161a iniciat\u012bva 17.\u00a0gadsimta nogal\u0113. 1644.\u00a0gad\u0101 dzimu\u0161ais anglis, Kvekeru kust\u012bbas vad\u012bt\u0101js un Pensilv\u0101nijas feder\u0101l\u0101 \u0161tata dibin\u0101t\u0101js Viljams Pens (Tolles 2019) izstr\u0101d\u0101ja ideju par Eiropas m\u0113roga organiz\u0101ciju, kuras pamatfunkcija b\u016btu miera veicin\u0101\u0161ana kontinent\u0101. Sav\u0101 Esej\u0101 ce\u013c\u0101 uz Eiropas mieru tagad un n\u0101kotn\u0113 (An Essay Towards the Present and Future Peace of Europe) (public\u0113ta 1693. gad\u0101) vi\u0146\u0161 ne tikai izskaidroja \u0161\u0101das organiz\u0101cijas koncepciju un strukt\u016bru, bet ar\u012b atz\u012bm\u0113ja, kur\u0101m Eiropas var\u0101m vajadz\u0113tu iesaist\u012bties \u201cSuver\u0113naj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 vai Imperi\u0101laj\u0101 valst\u012b\u201d (Sovereign Part, or Imperial State) (Penn 1693, 408) un konkretiz\u0113ja, cik balsu b\u016btu j\u0101pie\u0161\u0137ir katrai no t\u0101m. Kurzeme l\u012bdz\u0101s Hol\u0161teinas hercogistei bija maz\u0101k\u0101s \u0161aj\u0101 organiz\u0101cij\u0101 iek\u013caut\u0101s vien\u012bbas un katrai no t\u0101m bija paredz\u0113ta viena balss (Penn 1693, 409).Lai gan Viljama Pena ideja netika \u012bstenota, vi\u0146a ierosin\u0101jums r\u0101da, ka 17.\u00a0gadsimta nogal\u0113 Kurzeme tika uzl\u016bkota k\u0101 b\u016btiska Eiropas sast\u0101vda\u013ca.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Re\u0123ion\u0101lais sal\u012bdzin\u0101jums pils\u0113tvides kontekst\u0101<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

    Sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s anal\u012bzes tre\u0161ajai noda\u013cai izv\u0113l\u0113t\u0101 metodolo\u0123ija netiecas sal\u012bdzin\u0101t Kuld\u012bgu k\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161as pils\u0113tu tipolo\u0123ijas p\u0101rst\u0101vi, kas izvirz\u012btu nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu to t\u0101l\u0101k sal\u012bdzin\u0101t ar cit\u0101m pils\u0113t\u0101m pla\u0161\u0101k\u0101 Eiropas un Baltijas m\u0113rog\u0101, piem\u0113ram, ar pils\u0113t\u0101m k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101 P\u0101rdaugavas Livonijas hercogist\u0113, kas aptv\u0113ra m\u016bsdienu Latvijas Vidzemes re\u0123ionu, k\u0101 ar\u012b Igauniju. Kuld\u012bgai l\u012bdz\u012bgu arhitekt\u016bru \u012bpa\u0161i var sastapt \u0161\u012bs hercogistes apdz\u012bvotajos centros, piem\u0113ram, C\u0113s\u012bs un Limba\u017eos Latvijas zieme\u013cu da\u013c\u0101. Ta\u010du Kuld\u012bgas \u012bpa\u0161as noz\u012bmes univers\u0101l\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba sl\u0113pjas t\u0101s sp\u0113j\u0101 sniegt v\u0113st\u012bjumu par Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes rezidenci un noz\u012bm\u012bgu administrat\u012bvo centru un t\u0101s politisk\u0101s autonomijas, starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas un starpkult\u016bru attiec\u012bbu urb\u0101no izpausmi. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0161im sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam pils\u0113tas tika izv\u0113l\u0113tas, balstoties uz to lomu Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogist\u0113, k\u0101 ar\u012b to attiec\u012bgo potenci\u0101lu sniegt liec\u012bbu par hercogistes laikiem ar v\u0113sturisk\u0101s pils\u0113tas strukt\u016bras pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Min\u0113tajos piem\u0113ros no Vidzemes apdz\u012bvot\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bba notika glu\u017ei cit\u0101d\u0101 v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101 kontekst\u0101, nek\u0101 Kuld\u012bg\u0101 un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0161\u012bs anal\u012bzes galven\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137a sasnieg\u0161anai t\u0101 nav b\u016btiska. Sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101 anal\u012bze tiecas izv\u0113rt\u0113t visu saglab\u0101ju\u0161os Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes mantojumu, lai par\u0101d\u012btu, ka Kuld\u012bga ir vislab\u0101k saglab\u0101jusies un visdaudzveid\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 eso\u0161\u0101 liec\u012bba par \u0161o noz\u012bm\u012bgo v\u0113stures periodu.<\/p>

    P\u0113c Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes dibin\u0101\u0161anas 1561.\u00a0gad\u0101 Kuld\u012bga bija t\u0101s valdnieka hercoga Gotharda rezidence un Kurzemes administrat\u012bvais centrs. V\u0113l\u0101k Vilhelma un Fr\u012bdriha Ketleru kop\u012bg\u0101s vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 Kurzemes hercogiste tika nodota Vilhelma Ketlera p\u0101rvald\u0113, kur\u0161 saglab\u0101ja Kuld\u012bgu k\u0101 savu rezidenci. Savuk\u0101rt vi\u0146a br\u0101lis Fr\u012bdrihs vald\u012b\u0161an\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma Zemgali un S\u0113liju un rezid\u0113ja Jelgav\u0101. P\u0113c br\u0101\u013cu Ketleru kop\u012bg\u0101s vald\u012b\u0161anas beig\u0101m, kad Vilhelmam Ketleram tika at\u0146emta vara un vi\u0146am n\u0101c\u0101s doties trimd\u0101, Jelgava piln\u012bb\u0101 nostabiliz\u0113j\u0101s k\u0101 Kurzemes hercoga ofici\u0101l\u0101 rezidence.<\/p>

    Konsolid\u0113jot hercogisti p\u0113c Vilhelma Ketlera do\u0161an\u0101s trimd\u0101, tika pie\u0146emta min\u0113t\u0101 Formula Regiminis, kura cita starp\u0101 paredz\u0113ja jaunas p\u0101rvaldes sist\u0113mas izveidi. Kuld\u012bga k\u0101 virspilskungu tiesas apgabals (v\u0101cu Oberhauptmannschaft) k\u013cuva par vienu no hercogistes \u010detriem p\u0101rvaldes un tieslietu centriem. L\u012bdz\u0101s Kuld\u012bgai par t\u0101diem centriem k\u013cuva ar\u012b Jelgava un Tukums, k\u0101 ar\u012b k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101 orde\u0146a pils S\u0113lpil\u012b. Katram virspilskungu apgabalam bija pak\u013cauti vair\u0101ki zem\u0101ka l\u012bme\u0146a apri\u0146\u0137i. Pie Kuld\u012bgas virspilskungu tiesas apgabala s\u0101kotn\u0113ji pieder\u0113ja sekojo\u0161ie apri\u0146\u0137i: Ventspils, Durbe, Skrunda, Saldus un Grobi\u0146a.<\/p>

    L\u012bdz\u0101s citiem virspilskungu tiesas apgabaliem un Kuld\u012bgai pak\u013cautajiem apgabaliem apskat\u0101 tika iek\u013cautas \u0161\u0101das pils\u0113tas: Liep\u0101ja bija svar\u012bga ostas pils\u0113ta, kas ieguva noz\u012bm\u012bgumu 17.\u00a0gadsimta nogal\u0113, kad no \u0161\u012bs ostas tika veikta da\u013ca hercogistes t\u0101ltirdzniec\u012bbas pa j\u016bru. J\u0113kabpils \/ Jakobstadt pils\u0113ta tika nosaukta par godu hercogam J\u0113kabam Ketleram 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, kad vi\u0146\u0161 \u0161ai apdz\u012bvotajai vietai pie\u0161\u0137\u012bra pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. T\u0101s pirms\u0101kumi mekl\u0113jami apdz\u012bvot\u0101 viet\u0101 Sloboda, kur galvenok\u0101rt mitin\u0101j\u0101s kara b\u0113g\u013ci un no Krievijas emigr\u0113ju\u0161ie vectic\u012bbnieki. Bauska Gotharda Ketlera vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 bija noz\u012bm\u012bga pils\u0113ta. Divas reizes gad\u0101 notika hercoga un mui\u017eniec\u012bbas p\u0101rst\u0101vju konstitucion\u0101l\u0101 sapulce (v\u0101cu Landtag) \u2013\u00a0 viena vasar\u0101 Jelgav\u0101, bet otra ziem\u0101 Bausk\u0101. Kopum\u0101 Bauskas pil\u012b, s\u0101kot no 1571.\u00a0gada, k\u0101rtu sapulce notika piecas reizes.<\/p>

    Pils\u0113tas sal\u012bdzino\u0161aj\u0101 anal\u012bz\u0113 tiks apl\u016bkotas alfab\u0113tisk\u0101 sec\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Aizpute \/ Hasenpoth \u200b<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Tebras \/ Tebber upes labaj\u0101 krast\u0101 atrad\u0101s kur\u0161u pils, ko 1245.\u00a0gad\u0101 iekaroja V\u0101cu ordenis. 1249.\u00a0gad\u0101 upes pret\u0113j\u0101 krast\u0101 ordenis uzb\u016bv\u0113ja otru pili. Kad 1253.\u00a0gad\u0101 tika sadal\u012bta zeme starp b\u012bskapu un V\u0101cu ordeni, teritorija upes labaj\u0101 krast\u0101 tika pie\u0161\u0137irta Kurzemes b\u012bskapijai, bet kreisaj\u0101 \u2013 V\u0101cu ordenim. 1378.\u00a0gad\u0101 Aizputei (56\u00b0 42′ 56.66″ N 21\u00b0 36′ 19.098″ E) tika pie\u0161\u0137irtas pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas, kas devai tai\u00a0 savu bir\u0123ermeistaru un r\u0101ti. Ta\u010du Aizput\u0113 nebija neatkar\u012bgu \u0123il\u017eu \u2013 t\u0101s bija pak\u013cautas Kuld\u012bgas amatu apvien\u012bb\u0101m. Par Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes sast\u0101vda\u013cu Aizpute k\u013cuva 1611.\u00a0gad\u0101, kad t\u0101 tika uz laiku ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101ta Brandenburgas markgr\u0101fam. Aizpute k\u013cuva par Kuld\u012bgai pak\u013cautu apri\u0146\u0137i, bet v\u0113l\u0101k 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 tika apvienota ar Grobi\u0146u vien\u0101 virspilskunga tiesas apgabal\u0101<\/p>

    Sarun\u0101 ar nevalstisk\u0101s organiz\u0101cijas starpdisciplin\u0101r\u0101s m\u0101kslas grupas SERDE tradicion\u0101l\u0101s kult\u016bras p\u0113tnieci un kult\u016bras projektu vad\u012bt\u0101ju Signi Pucenu atkl\u0101j\u0101s, ka viduslaikos Tebras un Sakas\/ Sacke upes v\u0113l bija ku\u0123ojamas, kas \u013c\u0101va net\u0101lu no Kuld\u012bgas ielas ier\u012bkot un izmantot ostu. Ostas ier\u012bko\u0161anas darbi tika veikti par Aizputes pilso\u0146u l\u012bdzek\u013ciem, kuri finans\u0113ja ar\u012b noliktavas \u0113ku b\u016bvi. Ta\u010du 1656. gad\u0101 Sakas upe tika ku\u0123o\u0161anai sl\u0113gta, un 1660. gad\u0101 \u0161is nosac\u012bjums tika apstiprin\u0101ts Olivas miera l\u012bgum\u0101. 18. gadsimt\u0101 Aizpute bija tie\u0161s konkurents tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101 Liep\u0101jai, kur bija uzb\u016bv\u0113ta liela osta.<\/p>

    Aizputes v\u0113sturisk\u0101 urb\u0101n\u0101 strukt\u016bra liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 p\u0101rst\u0101v 19.\u00a0gadsimtu. Tom\u0113r te ir ar\u012b vair\u0101kas \u0113kas, kas dat\u0113jamas ar hercogistes periodu vai pat v\u0113l agr\u0101ku laiku. To skait\u0101 ir V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils drupas. \u0160aj\u0101 b\u016bv\u0113 saskat\u0101ma gan t\u0101s k\u0101 1276.\u20131290.\u00a0gad\u0101 celtas nocietin\u0101tas pils pirms\u0101kumi (Zar\u0101ns 2006, 8), gan ar\u012b v\u0113l\u0101k \u2013 16.\u00a0gadsimta beig\u0101s\u201317. gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 veikt\u0101s pieb\u016bves un p\u0101rb\u016bves (Alttoa et al. 1992, 356). V\u0113l viena noz\u012bm\u012bga \u0113ka ir Sv. J\u0101\u0146a luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kas atrodas ezeru krast\u0101 un ir labi saskat\u0101ma no pils. K\u0101 skaidroja Signe Pucena, pirms iek\u013cau\u0161anas hercogistes sast\u0101v\u0101 Aizpute pieder\u0113ja zemei, kas kop\u0161 1253.\u00a0gada atrad\u0101s Kurzemes b\u012bskapa kontrol\u0113, un l\u012bdz 16. gadsimtam \u0161eit atrad\u0101s b\u012bskapa s\u0113deklis, l\u012bdz 1583.\u00a0gad\u0101 k\u0101dreiz\u0113jo b\u012bskapa pili izn\u012bcin\u0101ja po\u013cu karasp\u0113ks. 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 bazn\u012bc\u0101 tika atrasta liela pl\u0101ksne, kas uzst\u0101d\u012bta b\u012bskapa Heinriha fon Basedova piemi\u0146ai, kur\u0161 mira Aizput\u0113 1523.\u00a0gad\u0101. Luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca tika uzcelta uz pils pamatiem. 1623.\u00a0gad\u0101 t\u0101 bija non\u0101kusi drupu st\u0101vokl\u012b, un 1698.\/99.\u00a0gad\u0101 to n\u0101c\u0101s atjaunot. Kad 1720.\u00a0gad\u0101 iebruka bazn\u012bcas jumts, nodarot boj\u0101jumus lielai da\u013cai interjera, atkal tika veikta restaur\u0101cija, kas nosl\u0113dz\u0101s 1733.\u00a0gad\u0101. \u010cetrus gadus v\u0113l\u0101k tika iesv\u0113t\u012bti soli, alt\u0101ris un kancele.<\/p>

    Run\u0101jot par pils\u0113tas pl\u0101nojumu, v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101s kart\u0113s fiks\u0113tais ielu t\u012bkls ir main\u012bjies un svar\u012bgas pils\u0113ttelpas, piem\u0113ram, vecais tirgus laukums, kas atrad\u0101s uz Jelgavas ce\u013ca, vairs nepast\u0101v vai ir gandr\u012bz neatpaz\u012bstamas. Pils\u0113tvide kopum\u0101 un tas, ka pils\u0113tas ainav\u0101 noteico\u0161ie elementi ir pils un bazn\u012bca, k\u0101 ar\u012b upe, ezeri un tilti, joproj\u0101m veido \u0161\u012bs mazpils\u0113tas iespaidu. Diem\u017e\u0113l ir pieejams maz inform\u0101cijas, lai var\u0113tu izv\u0113rt\u0113t Aizputes \u0113ku fondu. Ir saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s divas sinagogas celtnes no 19.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kuma, ta\u010du t\u0101s ir sab\u016bv\u0113tas kop\u0101 un \u0161obr\u012bd tiek izmantotas kult\u016bras centra vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. Viet\u0113j\u0101 NVO SERDE savas telpas ir iek\u0101rtojusi \u0113k\u0101, kas b\u016bv\u0113ta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 un vair\u0101kas reizes tikusi papla\u0161in\u0101ta 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Izp\u0113tes grupa Aizputes apmekl\u0113juma laik\u0101 fiks\u0113ja v\u0113l citas \u0113kas, kas var\u0113tu (s\u0101kotn\u0113ji) b\u016bt celtas laik\u0101 no 17.\u00a0gadsimta l\u012bdz 19.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kumam un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di var\u0113tu veidot arhitekt\u016bras mantojumu, kas attiecas uz \u0161\u012b p\u0113t\u012bjuma ietvaru, tom\u0113r prec\u012bzu to b\u016bv\u0113\u0161anas laiku nav iesp\u0113jams<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Bauska \/ Bauske<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Bausk\u0101\u00a0\u00a0 (56\u00b0 24′ 37.037″ N\u00a0 24\u00b0 11′ 59.996″ E) atrodas V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils, kas b\u016bv\u0113ta 15.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 k\u0101 viena no p\u0113d\u0113j\u0101m m\u016bra pil\u012bm (Zar\u0101ns 2006, 80) un kalpoja k\u0101 fogta (v\u0101cu: Vogtei) s\u0113deklis un sarg\u0101ja uz dienvidiem eso\u0161o robe\u017eu ar Lietuvu. Net\u0101lu no pils att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s neliela apdz\u012bvota vieta, kas 1559.\u00a0gad\u0101 tika ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101ta Polijas karalim un kas 1563.\u00a0gad\u0101, kad nomira R\u012bgas arhib\u012bskaps Vilhelms, kura p\u0101rzi\u0146\u0101 t\u0101 bija l\u012bdz tam atradusies, tika nodota Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistei. Jau 1584.\u00a0gad\u0101 apdz\u012bvot\u0101 vieta p\u0101rc\u0113l\u0101s uz M\u0113meles upes kreiso krastu, kur t\u0101 atrodas joproj\u0101m. 1609.\u00a0gad\u0101 Bauskai tika pie\u0161\u0137irtas pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. Pils\u0113ta v\u0113l\u0101k k\u013cuva par vienu no pilskunga apri\u0146\u0137iem, kas iek\u013c\u0101v\u0101s Jelgavas virspilskunga tiesas apgabal\u0101. Hercogistes dienvidu robe\u017eas tuvuma d\u0113\u013c 17.\u00a0gadsimta gait\u0101 Bauska daudzk\u0101rt tika iesaist\u012bta milit\u0101ros konfliktos ar Poliju, Zviedriju un Krieviju. Pils\u0113tas pagrimumu v\u0113l vair\u0101k veicin\u0101ja m\u0113ris, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 1710.\u00a0gad\u0101 hercogist\u0113 izmira liels skaits iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju. Bauskas atra\u0161an\u0101s uz tirdzniec\u012bbas ce\u013ca, kas savienoja R\u012bgu un Lietuvu, sekm\u0113ja tirdzniec\u012bbu ar kvie\u0161iem un linu, k\u0101 ar\u012b ar d\u0101rze\u0146iem un aug\u013ciem.<\/p>

    \u0160odien te joproj\u0101m apskat\u0101mas Bauskas pils drupas, kas liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 saglab\u0101tas t\u0101d\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b, k\u0101d\u0101 t\u0101s bija laik\u0101 no 1443. l\u012bdz 1456.\u00a0gadam. 16.\u00a0gadsimta nogal\u0113 hercogs Fr\u012bdrihs pili nostiprin\u0101ja (Zar\u0101ns 2006, 80). L\u012bdz\u0101s tai vi\u0146\u0161 uzc\u0113la Renesanses stila pili. \u0160\u012bs pils fas\u0101des eksterjers dekorat\u012bvi apdarin\u0101ts sgraffito tehnik\u0101, kas sastopama ar\u012b Dienvidv\u0101cijas pil\u012bs (Alttoa 1992, 358). 1706. gad\u0101 krievu karasp\u0113ks nopost\u012bja gan veco, gan jauno pili. Kop\u0161 19.\u00a0gadsimta te ir realiz\u0113tas vair\u0101kas restaur\u0101cijas un atjauno\u0161anas programmas. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 jaun\u0101 pils ir piln\u012bb\u0101 uzcelta no jauna, un izmai\u0146as ir veiktas ar\u012b vec\u0101s pils drup\u0101s. Sarun\u0101, kas notika sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s anal\u012bzes apskata gait\u0101, gatavojot \u0161\u012bs nomin\u0101cijas materi\u0101lus, Bauskas Pils muzeja direktors st\u0101st\u012bja, ka \u0161obr\u012bd tiek atjaunots pils galvenais tornis, lai stabiliz\u0113tu kompleksu un nov\u0113rstu \u016bdens erozijas rad\u012btos boj\u0101jumus.<\/p>

    L\u012bdz\u0101s pils drup\u0101m Bausk\u0101 ir saglab\u0101jies ar\u012b r\u0101tsnams, kura celtniec\u012bba s\u0101k\u0101s 1616.\u00a0gad\u0101 (Putni\u0146a & B\u0101kule 2011, 13). 1840.\u00a0gad\u0101 tika veikta \u0113kas apseko\u0161ana, kuras gait\u0101 tika atkl\u0101ts, ka bir\u0123ermeistara z\u0101le ir tikusi p\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ta 18.\u00a0 gadsimt\u0101 un \u0113kas eksterjers ir iev\u0113rojami izmain\u012bts (Putni\u0146a & B\u0101kule 2011, 17). T\u0101 k\u0101 19.\u00a0gadsimta vid\u016b r\u0101tsnams bija nolaist\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b, pils\u0113tas r\u0101te izl\u0113ma \u0161o \u0113ku pamest. Tika nojaukts tornis un otrais st\u0101vs, bet atlikus\u012b \u0113kas da\u013ca tika izmantota veikalu un noliktavu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m (turpat). 2011.\u00a0gad\u0101 tika pabeigts v\u0113rien\u012bgs nama rekonstrukcijas projekts, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 r\u0101tsnams tika atjaunots t\u0101d\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b, k\u0101d\u0101 tas bija fiks\u0113ts dokumentos 19.\u00a0gadsimta vid\u016b. Tre\u0161\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101k\u0101 pils\u0113tas strukt\u016bras \u0113ka, kas dat\u0113jama ar hercogistes laiku, ir Sv\u0113t\u0101 Gara bazn\u012bca, kura tika celta laik\u0101 no 1591. l\u012bdz 1594.\u00a0gadam un p\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ta 18. un 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. T\u0101 ir izcils luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bcas, kas sav\u0101 dizain\u0101 atsak\u0101s no kato\u013cu dievnamu bag\u0101t\u012bgajiem rot\u0101jumiem, piem\u0113rs (Alttoa 1992, 358). 1614.\u20131623. gad\u0101 \u0113kas rietumu fas\u0101dei tika pievienots zvanu tornis. Taj\u0101 pat 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 tornim tika uzb\u016bv\u0113ts kupols, kas 1813. gad\u0101 tika aizst\u0101ts ar pa\u0161reiz redzamo jumtu (Alttoa 1992, 358).\u00a0 Bazn\u012bcas interjer\u0101 atrodami da\u017ei m\u0101kslinieciski augstv\u0113rt\u012bgi priek\u0161meti, kas dat\u0113jami ar Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laiku. To vid\u016b ir kancele, \u0113r\u0123e\u013cu prospekts un 18.\u00a0gadsimta biktskr\u0113sls (visi tr\u012bs rokoko stil\u0101), J. Heninga epit\u0101fija (1677), izrot\u0101ti alt\u0101rtelpas soli (1688) un kok\u0101 griezta las\u0101mpults (1689).<\/p>

    Bauskas vecpils\u0113tas ielu izvietojums ir diezgan labi saglab\u0101jies, kas ir ac\u012bmredzams, sal\u012bdzinot pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo ielu t\u012bklu ar v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101m kart\u0113m, k\u0101, piem\u0113ram, ar 1797.\u00a0gada pils\u0113tas karti. Taj\u0101 atz\u012bm\u0113tas ar\u012b galven\u0101s monument\u0101l\u0101s \u0113kas, piem\u0113ram, pils, Sv\u0113t\u0101 Gara bazn\u012bca un r\u0101tsnams. Dabiski, ka Bauska ir iev\u0113rojami izpletusies \u0101rpus hercogistes laika pils\u0113tas robe\u017e\u0101m. B\u016btisk\u0101ks ir jaut\u0101jums par urb\u0101n\u0101s strukt\u016bras saglab\u0101\u0161anos un atsevi\u0161\u0137u vecpils\u0113tas \u0113ku dat\u0113\u0161anu. Par laimi, sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s anal\u012bzes veic\u0113jiem bija pieejama karte ar \u0161\u0101diem datiem, kas tapusi 2012.\/13.\u00a0gad\u0101 veikt\u0101s \u0113ku apseko\u0161anas rezult\u0101t\u0101. Apseko\u0161anas gait\u0101 bija atkl\u0101ts, ka 23 \u0113k\u0101s joproj\u0101m saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s par 1797.\u00a0gadu vec\u0101kas arhitektonisk\u0101s deta\u013cas, un \u0161\u012bs \u0113kas iesp\u0113jams identific\u0113t konkr\u0113taj\u0101 gad\u0101 z\u012bm\u0113taj\u0101 kart\u0113. Tom\u0113r, apskatot \u0161o \u0113ku pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo st\u0101vokli, j\u0101secina, ka vair\u0101kas no t\u0101m satur v\u0113l\u0101ka laika un bie\u017ei pat m\u016bsdienu arhitektoniskos elementus, kas mazina to autentiskumu. Balstoties uz Bauskas apmekl\u0113juma laik\u0101 veiktajiem nov\u0113rojumiem, izp\u0113tes komanda uzskata, ka ne vair\u0101k k\u0101 15\u00a0\u0113kas ir saglab\u0101ju\u0161as pietiekamu autentiskumu, lai p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113tu Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laiku. Viena no visautentisk\u0101kaj\u0101m Bauskas ielu ainav\u0101m atrodama R\u012bgas ielas rietumu da\u013c\u0101, kur vien\u0101 kvart\u0101l\u0101 ir liels bl\u012bvums hercogistes laika dz\u012bvojamo namu. Turkl\u0101t vecpils\u0113t\u0101 ir liels skaits 20.\u00a0gadsimta arhitekt\u016bras objektu, \u012bpa\u0161i uz rietumiem no Sv\u0113t\u0101 Gara bazn\u012bcas, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz dienvidiem no Pl\u016bdo\u0146a ielas un uz austrumiem no Kal\u0113ju ielas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Durbe \/ Durben<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Durbes pils\u0113ta (56\u00b0 35′ 12.487″ N 21\u00b0 21′ 55.526″ E) atrodas pie t\u0101d\u0101 pat v\u0101rd\u0101 saukta ezera. 1253.\u00a0gad\u0101, sadalot zemi starp Kurzemes b\u012bskapu un V\u0101cu ordeni, Durbe non\u0101ca orde\u0146a p\u0101rvald\u0113 un tas \u0161eit 14.\u00a0gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 uzb\u016bv\u0113ja pili. 15.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 \u0161eit izveidoj\u0101s neliela apdz\u012bvota vieta, kas dr\u012bz g\u0101ja boj\u0101 ugunsgr\u0113k\u0101, bet tika uzcelta no jauna. Hercogistes laik\u0101 Durbe joproj\u0101m bija ciems un neieguva pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. Tom\u0113r past\u0101v\u0113ja Durbes apri\u0146\u0137is, kas bija pak\u013cauts Kuld\u012bgas virspilskunga tiesas apgabalam. Krievu karasp\u0113ka iebrukuma laik\u0101 18.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 Durbes pils un ciems tika piln\u012bb\u0101 nopost\u012bti.<\/p>

    Pils drupas ir apskat\u0101mas joproj\u0101m, ta\u010du t\u0101s sast\u0101v tikai no aizsarggr\u0101vja un da\u017eiem joproj\u0101m vertik\u0101l\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b st\u0101vo\u0161iem elementiem. Maz kas ir saglab\u0101jies ar\u012b no ciema, kas tika uzcelts no jauna 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Savuk\u0101rt luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kas tika b\u016bv\u0113ta 1651.\u00a0gad\u0101 un atjaunota 1847.\/72.\u00a0gad\u0101, ir joproj\u0101m apl\u016bkojama.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Grobi\u0146a \/ Grobin<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Durbe ar\u012b Grobi\u0146as pils\u0113ta (56\u00b0 32′ 22.675″ N 21\u00b0 10′ 0.811″ E) izveidoj\u0101s 1245.\u00a0gad\u0101 celt\u0101s V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils tuvum\u0101. Ta\u010du \u0161o pili 1260.\u00a0gad\u0101 iekaroja kur\u0161i un 1262.\u00a0gad\u0101 ordenis, to atkarojot, pili izn\u012bcin\u0101ja. T\u0101 k\u0101 Grobi\u0146a atrodas uz tirdzniec\u012bbas ce\u013ca, d\u0113v\u0113ta par Hellweg, kas veda no R\u012bgas rietumu virzien\u0101 uz K\u0113nigsbergu, t\u0101 saglab\u0101j\u0101s k\u0101 noz\u012bm\u012bga nocietin\u0101juma vieta (Pirang 1926, 35, 64). T\u0101p\u0113c 1290.\u00a0gad\u0101 pils tika uzcelta no jauna. Apdz\u012bvot\u0101 vieta Grobi\u0146\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s tikai v\u0113l\u0101k \u2013 15.\u00a0gadsimta vid\u016b. Laik\u0101 no 1560.\u00a0l\u012bdz 1609.\u00a0gadam ciems bija ie\u0137\u012bl\u0101ts Pr\u016bsijas hercogam, lai ieg\u016btu l\u012bdzek\u013cus karam pret Krieviju. Dr\u012bz p\u0113c atgrie\u0161an\u0101s Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes p\u0101rvald\u0113 k\u0101 da\u013ca no Brandenburgas princeses Sofijas p\u016bra, vi\u0146ai izejot par sievu pie Vilhelma Ketlera, Grobi\u0146a k\u013cuva par vienu no Kuld\u012bgas virspilskuga tiesas apgabalam pak\u013cautajiem iecirk\u0146iem. 1659.\u00a0gad\u0101 zviedru karasp\u0113ks ciemu ie\u0146\u0113ma un nodedzin\u0101ja. 1695. gad\u0101 Grobi\u0146ai tika pie\u0161\u0137irtas pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. 18.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kuma avoti v\u0113sta, ka pils\u0113tu smagi sk\u0101ra s\u0113rga, p\u0113c kuras<\/s> dz\u012bvi palika tikai asto\u0146i t\u0101s pilso\u0146i.<\/p>

    Laik\u0101 kad Grobi\u0146a pieder\u0113ja Pr\u016bsijai, uzplauka tirdzniec\u012bba ar Lietuvu-Poliju. Pils\u0113t\u0101 apmet\u0101s vair\u0101ki amatnieki, piem\u0113ram, cepurnieks, dzintara apstr\u0101d\u0101t\u0101js un aud\u0113js. \u0160odien maz kas ir saglab\u0101jies no 17. un 18.\u00a0gadsimta \u0113k\u0101m. Joproj\u0101m ir apskat\u0101mas biju\u0161\u0101s V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils drupas, lai gan v\u0113l\u0101ku gadsimtu laik\u0101 un ar\u012b m\u016bsdien\u0101s veiktu restaur\u0101ciju rezult\u0101t\u0101 t\u0101s ir main\u012bju\u0161as savu izskatu. Pret\u012b pils drup\u0101m 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 tika uzb\u016bv\u0113ta luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kas saglab\u0101jusies joproj\u0101m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Jaunjelgava \/ Friedrichstadt\u200b<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Jaunjelgava (56\u00b0 36′ 44.316″ N 25\u00b0 4′ 44.137″ E) izveidoj\u0101s daudz v\u0113l\u0101k nek\u0101 citas Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113ju\u0161\u0101s pils\u0113tas. Apdz\u012bvot\u0101 vieta \u0161eit rad\u0101s 16.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 Zviedrijas-Polijas kara laik\u0101 un sa\u0146\u0113ma pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas 1630. gad\u0101 (Lexikon Baltische Ortsnamen\u00a0<\/em>II, 175). Jaunu t\u0101s izaugsmes un att\u012bst\u012bbas posmu 1646.\u00a0gad\u0101 uzs\u0101ka atraitn\u0113s palikus\u012b hercogiene Elizabete Magdal\u0113na, un pils\u0113ta tika nod\u0113v\u0113ta par godu vi\u0146as nelai\u0137a v\u012bram hercogam Fr\u012bdriham Ketleram.<\/p>

    T\u0101 k\u0101 Jaunjelgava atrodas Daugavas upes krast\u0101, t\u0101 bija viens no mezgliem, kur notika pre\u010du p\u0101rkrau\u0161ana no sauszemes uz \u016bdens transporta l\u012bdzek\u013ciem. Pils\u0113ta tirgoj\u0101s ar kvie\u0161iem un linu; 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 \u0161eit darboj\u0101s cepurnieks, krogs un tabakas p\u0101rstr\u0101des uz\u0146\u0113mums (turpat).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    J\u0113kabpils \/ Jakobstadt<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    J\u0113kabpils (56\u00b0 30′ 5.238″ N 25\u00b0 52′ 41.876″ E) ir dibin\u0101ta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 k\u0101 no Krievijas atb\u0113gu\u0161o vectic\u012bbnieku, k\u0101 ar\u012b po\u013cu kara b\u0113g\u013cu apmetne. 1670.\u00a0gad\u0101 pie\u0161\u0137irot ciemam, kas toreiz bija paz\u012bstams k\u0101 Sloboda, pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas, hercogs J\u0113kabs Ketlers main\u012bja ar\u012b t\u0101 v\u0101rdu uz Jakobstadt.\u00a0 Jau 1708. gad\u0101 pils\u0113ta gandr\u012bz piln\u012bb\u0101 tika izn\u012bcin\u0101ta ugunsgr\u0113k\u0101, kas izc\u0113l\u0101s, kad to bija ie\u0146\u0113mis un izlaup\u012bjis po\u013cu karasp\u0113ks. Iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju skaitu v\u0113l vair\u0101k samazin\u0101ja 1710.\u00a0gada s\u0113rga. Pils\u0113tas izcelsmes d\u0113\u013c par t\u0101s bir\u0123ermeistaru s\u0101kum\u0101 var\u0113ja tikt iev\u0113l\u0113ti tikai krievu vai po\u013cu izcelsmes pilso\u0146i, kas Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogist\u0113 bija neierasti.<\/p>

    L\u012bdz\u012bgi Kuld\u012bgai ar\u012b J\u0113kabpils bija noz\u012bm\u012bga tirdzniec\u012bbas vieta prec\u0113m, kas \u0161eit tika p\u0101rkrautas no sauszemes uz \u016bdens transporta l\u012bdzek\u013ciem. Iemesls tam ir kr\u0101ces uz Daugavas uz dienvidiem no pils\u0113tas, kas veidoja p\u0101rr\u0101vumu ku\u0123o\u0161anas ce\u013c\u0101.<\/p>

    J\u0113kabpil\u012b ir tikai tr\u012bs 19.\u00a0gadsimta bir\u0123eru nami, kam pie\u0161\u0137irts pieminek\u013cu statuss. Ir saglab\u0101jusies\u00a0 Sv.\u00a0Mi\u0137e\u013ca luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kas celta laik\u0101 no 1769. l\u012bdz 1807.\u00a0gadam, k\u0101 ar\u012b 1756. gad\u0101 b\u016bv\u0113ta Romas kato\u013cu bazn\u012bca. Vair\u0101ku krist\u012bgo konfesiju kl\u0101tb\u016btni apliecina ar\u012b 1783.\u00a0gad\u0101 celta pareiztic\u012bgo bazn\u012bca, Nikolaja klosteris un sinagogas (Lexikon Baltische Ortsnamen II, 240).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Jelgava \/ Mitau<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 vairums citu hercogistes pils\u0113tu Jelgavas (56\u00b0 39′ 3.992″ N 23\u00b0 43′ 16.874″ E) pirms\u0101kumi mekl\u0113jami net\u0101lu no 1265. gad\u0101 celt\u0101s V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils. Pils tuvum\u0101 izaugu\u0161ais ciems jau 1573.\u00a0gad\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas un dibin\u0101ja r\u0101ti un \u0123ildes. 1578.\u00a0gad\u0101 hercogs Gothards Ketlers izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s Jelgavu par savu rezidenci un apmet\u0101s pil\u012b. Lai gan hercoga Vilhelma Ketlera (1596\u20131616) laik\u0101 Kuld\u012bga joproj\u0101m saglab\u0101ja noz\u012bm\u012bgas hercoga rezidences pils\u0113tas statusu, l\u012bdz ar vi\u0146a izs\u016bt\u012b\u0161anu trimd\u0101 stingri nostabiliz\u0113j\u0101s Jelgavas k\u0101 galven\u0101s Kurzemes-Zemgales hercoga rezidences statuss. Jelgava bija ar\u012b viens no virspilskunga tiesas apgabaliem, kam bija pak\u013cauti Dobeles ( Doblen) un Bauskas apri\u0146\u0137i. B\u016bdama hercoga galven\u0101 rezidence, Jelgava non\u0101ca visu milit\u0101ro konfliktu centr\u0101 un 17.\u00a0gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 Zviedru-po\u013cu karu laik\u0101 vair\u0101kas reizes tika ie\u0146emta un izlaup\u012bta. Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101 Jelgavu ie\u0146\u0113ma gan zviedru, gan krievu karasp\u0113ks. 1710.\u00a0gada m\u0113ra laik\u0101 pils\u0113ta zaud\u0113ja apm\u0113ram tre\u0161o da\u013cu iedz\u012bvot\u0101ju.<\/p>

    B\u016bdama Kurzemes-Zemgales hercoga galven\u0101 rezidence, Jelgava atrad\u0101s hercoga monument\u0101lo b\u016bvniec\u012bbas programmu centr\u0101. 1737.\u00a0gad\u0101 hercogs Ernsts Johans B\u012brons lika nojaukt gan V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pili, gan 16. gadsimt\u0101 celto hercoga pili, kas bija kalpojusi k\u0101 hercogu rezidence (Zar\u0101ns 2006, 112).\u00a0T\u0101s viet\u0101 hercogs pas\u016bt\u012bja Sanktp\u0113terburg\u0101 m\u012bto\u0161ajam arhitektam Fran\u010desko Bartolomeo Rastrelli uzcelt jaunu pili, kuras celtniec\u012bba notika vienlaikus ar hercoga vasaras rezidences b\u016bvi Rund\u0101l\u0113. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Rund\u0101le, ar\u012b \u0161\u012b pils s\u0101kotn\u0113ji bija projekt\u0113ta k\u0101 viens galvenais korpuss ar diviem sp\u0101rniem, kuri veidoja pagalmu. Zem pagalma tika ier\u012bkotas Kurzemes hercogu kapenes, kas 1820.\u00a0gad\u0101 tika no \u0161ejienes aizv\u0101ktas (sk. t\u0101l\u0101k tekst\u0101). T\u0101 k\u0101 hercogs Ernsts Johans B\u012brons no 1740. l\u012bdz 1762.\u00a0gadam atrad\u0101s trimd\u0101, Jelgavas pils tika pabeigta tikai p\u0113c tam, kad vi\u0146\u0161 atgriez\u0101s hercogistes valdnieka tron\u012b. Kad Ernsta Johana d\u0113ls un mantinieks P\u0113teris B\u012brons bija pametis Kurzemi, pil\u012b mitin\u0101j\u0101s cits slavens iem\u012btnieks \u00ad \u2013 Francijas karalis Luijs XVIII, b\u0113got no revol\u016bcijas, no 1798. l\u012bdz 1801.\u00a0gadam uztur\u0113j\u0101s Jelgav\u0101 (Zar\u0101ns 2006, 112). L\u012bdz pat \u0161ai dienai Jelgavas pils ir liel\u0101k\u0101 baroka pils Baltijas valst\u012bs (Alttoa 1992, 364). Savas vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 P\u0113teris B\u012brons dibin\u0101ja viet\u0113jo akad\u0113miju \u2013 Academia Petrina \u2013, kas tika veidota p\u0113c universit\u0101tes principa. Arhitekts Severins Jensens akad\u0113mijas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m v\u0113l\u012bn\u0101 baroka stil\u0101 laik\u0101 no 1773. l\u012bdz 1775.\u00a0gadam p\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ja biju\u0161o hercogienes-atraitnes un v\u0113l\u0101k\u0101s carienes Annas rezidenci (Alttoa 1992, 364)<\/p>

    Diem\u017e\u0113l Jelgavas k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101 spozme ir zudusi, jo pils\u0113ta Otr\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 smagi cieta uzlidojumos. 1944.\u00a0gad\u0101 pils\u0113tas piev\u0101rt\u0113 tr\u012bs m\u0113ne\u0161us atrad\u0101s v\u0101cu un padomju karasp\u0113ku frontes l\u012bnija, kas \u0161eit izrais\u012bja pla\u0161a m\u0113roga post\u012bjumus. \u0160\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c pils\u0113tas ainav\u0101 domin\u0113 padomju laika un m\u016bsdienu arhitekt\u016bra un ir saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s tikai nedaudzas v\u0113sturisk\u0101s \u0113kas no hercogistes laika. Jelgavas pils izdega un tika restaur\u0113ta no 1956. l\u012bdz 1964.\u00a0gadam (Alttoa 1992, 365). Restaur\u0101cijas laik\u0101 pils strukt\u016br\u0101 tika iek\u013cauta papildu b\u016bvkomponente, kas bija uzb\u016bv\u0113ta starp abiem sp\u0101rniem 1937.\u00a0gad\u0101, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di praktiski nosl\u0113dzot pils pagalmu.<\/p>

    \u0160\u012b gadu t\u016bksto\u0161a s\u0101kum\u0101 \u0113k\u0101 uzs\u0101k\u0101s liela m\u0113roga restaur\u0101cijas projekta realiz\u0101cija. Tom\u0113r 18.\u00a0gadsimta interjers ir liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 zudis. \u0160obr\u012bd \u0113k\u0101 atrodas Latvijas Lauksaimniec\u012bbas universit\u0101te. Taj\u0101, lai gan ne vairs s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s kapen\u0113s, bet gan pagrabtelp\u0101 \u0113kas dienvidaustrumu st\u016br\u012b, joproj\u0101m glab\u0101jas ar\u012b sarkof\u0101gi ar vairuma Kurzemes hercogu mirst\u012bgaj\u0101m atliek\u0101m. Academia Petrina<\/em> smagi cieta ugunsgr\u0113kos 1919. un 1944. gad\u0101. T\u0101s fas\u0101des tika restaur\u0113tas 1947.\u20131951.\u00a0gad\u0101, atgrie\u017eot \u0113kai 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 dokumentos fiks\u0113to izskatu. \u0160odien tur atrodas Jelgavas V\u0113stures un m\u0101kslas muzejs.\u00a0<\/p>

    L\u012bdz\u0101s monument\u0101laj\u0101m hercoga m\u012btn\u0113m pils\u0113t\u0101 ir saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s ar\u012b vair\u0101kas bazn\u012bcas. Sv. Annas luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca ir celta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 (tornis 1619.\u20131621. gad\u0101, draudze telpa \u2013 \u00a01638.\u20131641. gad\u0101, sk. Alttoa 1992, 363). T\u0101 k\u0101 gadsimtu gait\u0101 bazn\u012bca ir vair\u0101kas reizes p\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ta, tostarp p\u0113c 1944.\u00a0gada ugunsgr\u0113ka, no s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s \u0113kas saglab\u0101jies tikai pirm\u0101 st\u0101va pl\u0101ns un da\u017eas arhitektonisk\u0101s deta\u013cas (Alttoa 1992, 364).\u00a0 V\u0113l viena saglab\u0101jusies sakr\u0101l\u0101 celtne ir Tr\u012bsvien\u012bbas bazn\u012bca. Ar\u012b t\u0101 ir celta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, ta\u010du \u013coti cieta 1944.\u00a0gad\u0101. V\u0113sturnieks Andris Toma\u0161\u016bns raksta, ka p\u0113c da\u013c\u0113jas rekonstrukcijas 2010. gad\u0101, kuras laik\u0101 saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s v\u0113sturisk\u0101s strukt\u016bras tika papildin\u0101tas ar stikla elementiem, \u0161obr\u012bd \u0113ka kalpo k\u0101 muzejs un bibliot\u0113ka. No 18.\u00a0gadsimta ir saglab\u0101jusies ar\u012b Sv. J\u0101\u0146a bazn\u012bca un Reform\u0101tu bazn\u012bca.<\/p>

    Urb\u0101naj\u0101 strukt\u016br\u0101 no 16. \u201318.\u00a0gadsimta, t.i., no hercogistes laika l\u012bdz m\u016bsdien\u0101m non\u0101ku\u0161as tikai da\u017eas \u0113kas. T\u0101s atrodas vien\u0101 no nedaudzaj\u0101m iel\u0101m, kur\u0101s saglab\u0101jusies k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101s pils\u0113tas ainava \u2013 Vecpils\u0113tas iel\u0101. Apseko\u0161anas laik\u0101 \u0113k\u0101 \u2013 \u0161\u012bs ielas 14.\u00a0numur\u0101 notika liela m\u0113roga restaur\u0101cija, un izp\u0113tes komanda tika uzaicin\u0101ta to apl\u016bkot. \u0112ku bija iesp\u0113jams p\u0101rliecino\u0161i identific\u0113t 17.\u00a0gadsimta kart\u0113 un t\u0101, visticam\u0101k, ir visvec\u0101k\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 iel\u0101 saglab\u0101jusies m\u0101ja, ta\u010du, k\u0101 st\u0101st\u012bja Andris Toma\u0161\u016bns, 18. un 19.\u00a0gadsimta laik\u0101 t\u0101 ir tikusi papla\u0161in\u0101ta un p\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ta.<\/p>

    \u00a0Apseko\u0161anas laik\u0101 apstiprin\u0101j\u0101s tas, kas jau bija ieskic\u0113jies att\u0101lin\u0101ti veikt\u0101s izp\u0113tes laik\u0101: lai gan Jelgava ir bijusi v\u0113sturiski noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101ka nek\u0101 Kuld\u012bga \u2013 \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 to, ka p\u0113c 1642.\u00a0gada t\u0101 bija vien\u012bg\u0101 hercoga rezidence, \u2013 gadsimtu gait\u0101 t\u0101 ir smagi cietusi un taj\u0101 vairs nav saglab\u0101jusies pietiekama v\u0113sturisk\u0101s pils\u0113tvides strukt\u016bra, lai \u0161\u012b pils\u0113ta var\u0113tu atspogu\u013cot Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes sasniegumus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Kandava \/ Kandau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    1245.\u00a0gad\u0101 V\u0101cu ordenis ie\u0146\u0113ma kur\u0161u pilskalnu, kas atrad\u0101s tagad\u0113j\u0101s Kandavas viet\u0101 \u00a0(57\u00b0 1′ 59.344″ N 22\u00b0 46′ 36.444″ E). Ordenis \u0161eit ap 1300.\u00a0gadu uzb\u016bv\u0113ja savu pili, kuras apkaim\u0113 v\u0113l\u0101k izveidoj\u0101s apdz\u012bvota vieta. Apdz\u012bvot\u0101 vieta att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s par ciemu, kur\u0161 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 k\u013cuva par vienu no Tukuma virspilskunga tiesas apgabalam pak\u013cautiem apri\u0146\u0137iem. Tom\u0113r hercogistes laik\u0101 Kandava nesa\u0146\u0113ma pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. Gan 1659., gan 1703.\/4.\u00a0gad\u0101 pils\u0113tu iekaroja zviedri. S\u0101koties hercogistes laikam, Kandavas saimniec\u012bba p\u0101rsvar\u0101 balst\u012bj\u0101s uz amatniec\u012bbu. Hercoga J\u0113kaba Ketlera vald\u012b\u0161anas gados \u0161eit tika ier\u012bkotas pulvera dzirnavas un og\u013cu dedzin\u0101tava.<\/p>

    Kandav\u0101 saglab\u0101jusies autentiska urb\u0101n\u0101 strukt\u016bra, kura ietver vair\u0101kas 16.\u201319.\u00a0gadsimta \u0113kas. \u00a0Starp t\u0101m ir 18.\u00a0gadsimta luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca ar kapelu, kas atrodas par \u201cm\u0113ra kalni\u0146u\u201d sauktaj\u0101 uzkalni\u0146\u0101 ar skatu uz v\u0113sturisko centru. \u00a0M\u0113ra kalni\u0146\u0161 bija sens kapulauks, kur\u0101 Otr\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 veiktu izrakumu gait\u0101 tika atrasti 14.\u201316.\u00a0gadsimta apbed\u012bjumi, k\u0101 ar\u012b ar 18.\u00a0gadsimtu dat\u0113jamas mon\u0113tas.<\/p>

    V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils l\u012bdz pat 18.\u00a0gadsimta vidum joproj\u0101m bija apdz\u012bvota. Ta\u010du 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 \u0113ka s\u0101ka brukt, un 1840.\u00a0gad\u0101 t\u0101s m\u016bri tika nojaukti. \u0160odien ir apskat\u0101mas tikai drupas, lai gan \u0161aj\u0101 viet\u0101 joproj\u0101m atrodas pulvera dzirnavu paliekas. Tirgus laukuma vieta, k\u0101 ar\u012b Sabiles iela un Liel\u0101 iela dat\u0113jamas ar viduslaikiem. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Kuld\u012bg\u0101, ar\u012b Kandav\u0101 1870.\u00a0gad\u0101 pla\u0161s ugunsgr\u0113ks izn\u012bcin\u0101ja liel\u0101ko da\u013cu gu\u013cba\u013c\u0137u \u0113ku. Tom\u0113r, sal\u012bdzinot ar cit\u0101m pils\u0113t\u0101m, Kandavas ielu ainava ir labi saglab\u0101jusies, jo \u0161eit kari nenodar\u012bja b\u016btiskus zaud\u0113jumus \u0113ku fondam.<\/p>

    2011. gad\u0101 tika \u012bstenots projekts \u201cKandavas vecpils\u0113tas centra da\u013cas atjauno\u0161ana un t\u016brisma infrastrukt\u016bras att\u012bst\u012bba”. \u0160o projektu l\u012bdzfinans\u0113ja Eiropas Re\u0123ion\u0101l\u0101s att\u012bst\u012bbas fonds.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Liep\u0101ja \/ Libau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Liep\u0101jas pils\u0113tas (56\u00b0 30′ 16.805″ N 21\u00b0 0′ 38.902″ E) pirms\u0101kumi mekl\u0113jami L\u012bvas zvejnieku ciemat\u0101, kas atrad\u0101s t\u0101d\u0101 pat v\u0101rd\u0101 sauktas upes krastos. Zemes dal\u012b\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 starp Kurzemes b\u012bskapu un V\u0101cu ordeni bija noteikts, ka neliel\u0101 osta pieder\u0113s b\u012bskapijai, bet teritorija dzi\u013c\u0101k iek\u0161zem\u0113 atrad\u012bsies orde\u0146a kontrol\u0113. 15. gadsimt\u0101 avotos pirmo reizi min\u0113ta apdz\u012bvota vieta ar tirgus laukumu. Liep\u0101ja kop\u0101 ar Grobi\u0146u un cit\u0101m apdz\u012bvotaj\u0101m viet\u0101m Kurzemes dienvidrietumos tika uz gandr\u012bz 50\u00a0gadiem nodota Pr\u016bsijai (1560\u20131609), lai ieg\u016btu krievu karasp\u0113ka padz\u012b\u0161anai no hercogistes ak\u016bti nepiecie\u0161amos l\u012bdzek\u013cus. Novads atgriez\u0101s hercogistes sast\u0101v\u0101 k\u0101 da\u013ca no Pr\u016bsijas hercoga meitas Sofijas p\u016bra, vi\u0146ai izejot par sievu pie Vilhelma Ketlera. Lai ne\u013cautu Liep\u0101jai att\u012bst\u012bties par ostas pils\u0113tu un konkur\u0113t ar M\u0113meli, Pr\u016bsijas hercogs bija liedzis tai pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. T\u0101s tika pie\u0161\u0137irtas, tikai pils\u0113tai atgrie\u017eoties hercogistes sast\u0101v\u0101 1625.\u00a0gad\u0101. Ieguvusi pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas, Liep\u0101ja izveidoja \u0123ildes un r\u0101ti. Polijas-Lietuvas robe\u017eas tuvuma d\u0113\u013c 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 pils\u0113ta tika ierauta vair\u0101kos konfliktos. Septi\u0146gadu kara laik\u0101 to ie\u0146\u0113ma krievu karasp\u0113ks, bet, kara gait\u0101 notiekot pav\u0113rsienam, tai n\u0101c\u0101s izmitin\u0101t ar\u012b sak\u0161u un zviedru sp\u0113kus<\/p>

    Liep\u0101jas liel\u0101 noz\u012bme skaidrojama ar t\u0101s atra\u0161anos hercogistes rietumu piekrast\u0113, kas t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161in\u0101ja tai piek\u013cuvi Baltijas j\u016brai un l\u012bdz ar to tirdzniec\u012bbas t\u012bkliem rietumos. L\u012bdz\u0101s Ventspilij Liep\u0101ja bija viena no noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m ost\u0101m Baltijas re\u0123ion\u0101 un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di t\u0101 bija \u012bpa\u0161i v\u0113rt\u012bga hercogistei, bet v\u0113l\u0101k ar\u012b Krievijas imp\u0113rijai. T\u0101s galven\u0101 priek\u0161roc\u012bba bija t\u0101da, ka at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no R\u012bgas ostas, Liep\u0101ja neaizsala liel\u0101ko ziemas da\u013cu, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u013caujot visu gadu turpin\u0101t tirdzniec\u012bbu pa j\u016bru. Ketleru dinastijas hercogi, \u012bpa\u0161i hercogs J\u0113kabs Ketlers saprata \u0161o priek\u0161roc\u012bbu un atbalst\u012bja ostas b\u016bvi pils\u0113t\u0101 17. gadsimt\u0101. Laik\u0101 no 1697. l\u012bdz 1703.\u00a0gadam osta tika papla\u0161in\u0101ta un padzi\u013cin\u0101ta liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 par pa\u0161u pils\u0113tas pilso\u0146u l\u012bdzek\u013ciem. Tirdzniec\u012bba v\u0113l vair\u0101k uzplauka p\u0113c tam, kad 1737.\u00a0gad\u0101 tika atkal padzi\u013cin\u0101ta osta un uzb\u016bv\u0113ta ku\u0123u piest\u0101tne.<\/p>

    No hercogistes perioda pils\u0113t\u0101 saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s vair\u0101kas \u0113kas. Labi zin\u0101ms ir fakts, ka Liep\u0101ju ar sve\u0161u v\u0101rdu 18.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 apmekl\u0113jis cars P\u0113teris Lielais. Vi\u0146\u0161 p\u0101rnak\u0161\u0146oja 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 celtaj\u0101 Hoijeres kundzes viesn\u012bc\u0101. Nams ir saglab\u0101jies, ta\u010du nevis s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 izskat\u0101, bet ar v\u0113l\u0101ku laiku papildin\u0101jumiem, galvenais no kuriem ir otrais st\u0101vs. Situ\u0101cija ir l\u012bdz\u012bga ar Hoijeres kundzes viesn\u012bcai iepretim eso\u0161o \u0113ku, kur, k\u0101 st\u0101st\u012bja Liep\u0101jas muzeja pedago\u0123e Maruta Eistere, vienu nakti pavad\u012bja Zviedrijas karalis K\u0101rlis XII, uzturoties Liep\u0101j\u0101 1699.\u00a0gad\u0101. Apseko\u0161anas laik\u0101 tika apskat\u012btas ar\u012b vair\u0101kas citas dz\u012bvojam\u0101s \u0113kas, kas dat\u0113jamas ar 17. un 18.\u00a0gadsimtu.<\/p>

    \u012apa\u0161a Liep\u0101jas arhitekt\u016bras mantojuma iez\u012bme ir vair\u0101kas ar tirdzniec\u012bbu un ostu saist\u012btas b\u016bves. Starp t\u0101m ierindojas tr\u012bs 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 celtas noliktavu \u0113kas (Alttoa 1992, 371). Lai gan \u0161\u012bm \u0113k\u0101m ir pie\u0161\u0137irts aizsarg\u0101jamo pieminek\u013cu statuss, vismaz vien\u0101 no t\u0101m ir veiktas modifik\u0101cijas, lai to piem\u0113rotu m\u016bsdienu vajadz\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, gastronomijas biznesam. Vienai no noliktavas \u0113k\u0101m, kura st\u0101v noma\u013cus no ab\u0101m p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101m, tie\u0161i blakus atrodas automa\u0161\u012bnu st\u0101vlaukums un lielveikals, kas mazina t\u0101s vides autentiskumu. J\u0101piemin ar\u012b biju\u0161ais muitas nams \u2013 tas s\u0101kotn\u0113ji sast\u0101v\u0113ja no diviem \u0161auriem l\u012bdz\u0101s st\u0101vo\u0161iem korpusiem (celti 1772.\u00a0gad\u0101) \u2013, kur\u0161 ir saglab\u0101jis savu s\u0101kotn\u0113jo novietojumu kan\u0101la dienvidu krast\u0101.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Sabile \/ Zabeln<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    No 9. l\u012bdz 13.\u00a0gadsimtam Sabil\u0113 (57\u00b0 2′ 52.544″ N 22\u00b0 34′ 5.419″ E) atrad\u0101s kur\u0161u pilskalns. Teritorija non\u0101ca V\u0101cu orde\u0146a rok\u0101s, kur\u0161 \u0161eit ap 1282.\u00a0gadu uzc\u0113la pili. Pils tuvum\u0101 15. gadsimt\u0101 izveidoj\u0101s apdz\u012bvota vieta, kas pan\u012bka un jau 16. gadsimta otraj\u0101 pus\u0113 izzuda. 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 t\u0101s viet\u0101 tika dibin\u0101ts jauns ciems. Jau 16.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 uz tuv\u0113jo pakalnu nog\u0101z\u0113m tika audz\u0113tas v\u012bnogas. Hercoga J\u0113kaba Ketlera vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 Sabil\u0113 darboj\u0101s ar\u012b linu au\u0161anas fabrika, ka\u013c\u0137u ceplis, darvas dedzin\u0101tava un vair\u0101kas dzirnavas, kas zviedru-po\u013cu kara laik\u0101 tika izn\u012bcin\u0101tas. Tiesisk\u0101s strukt\u016bras aspekt\u0101 Sabile kop\u0101 ar vair\u0101kiem citiem apri\u0146\u0137iem atrad\u0101s Tukuma virspilskunga tiesas apgabala pak\u013caut\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>

    \u00a0No s\u0101kotn\u0113jas V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils ir saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s tikai arheolo\u0123isk\u0101s liec\u012bbas. L\u012bdz\u0101s pilij par Kurzemes- Zemgales hercogistes periodu liecina ar\u012b luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca. T\u0101 ir celta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, bet 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 restaur\u0113ta, k\u0101 ar\u012b p\u0101rveidota. L\u012bdz\u0101s bazn\u012bcai atrodas neliela kapela. Sabiles \u0161odienas ielu ainav\u0101 domin\u0113 19. un da\u013c\u0113ji ar\u012b 20.\u00a0gadsimta arhitekt\u016bra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Saldus \/ Frauenburg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Saldus (56\u00b0 39′ 55.087″ N 22\u00b0 29′ 31.808″ E) tika dibin\u0101ta net\u0101lu no k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101s kur\u0161u pils (9.\u201313.\u00a0gadsimts). 1253.\u00a0 gad\u0101 ciems non\u0101ca V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pak\u013caut\u012bb\u0101. Ordenis 14.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 \u0161eit uzc\u0113la pili, kas ietilpa Kuld\u012bgas komturej\u0101 (v\u0101cu Komturei) (Pirang 1926, 35, 63). \u0160\u012b administrat\u012bv\u0101 strukt\u016bra saglab\u0101j\u0101s ar\u012b Kurzemes- Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101, kad Saldus k\u013cuva par pilskunga s\u0113dekli un bija pak\u013cauta Kuld\u012bgas virspilskunga tiesas apgabalam. Hercoga J\u0113kaba Ketlera vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101 Sald\u016b tika dibin\u0101ta au\u0161anas fabrika, miec\u0113tava un dzelzs lietuve. Ta\u010du \u0161\u012bs ra\u017eotnes nep\u0101rdz\u012bvoja zviedru-po\u013cu karu.<\/p>

    No hercogistes laikiem Sald\u016b ir saglab\u0101jies maz urb\u0101n\u0101 mantojuma. Run\u0101jot par konkr\u0113t\u0101m \u0113k\u0101m, svar\u012bga liec\u012bba par \u0161o periodu ir luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, jo t\u0101 ir celta 1640.\u00a0gad\u0101. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 vairums t\u0101 laika dievnamu t\u0101 tika restaur\u0113ta 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, un l\u012bdz ar to taj\u0101 tika veiktas vair\u0101kas stilistiskas modifik\u0101cijas. Pils\u0113tvides strukt\u016bra, \u012bpa\u0161i ielu t\u012bkls, ir da\u013c\u0113ji izmain\u012bts, jo sevi\u0161\u0137i kvart\u0101ls pils\u0113tas centra austrumos, kur atrodas vair\u0101kas \u0113kas ar bag\u0101t\u012bgiem stikla un t\u0113rauda elementiem un degvielas uzpildes stacija. Autentisk\u0101kas ielas ainavu paliekas saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s uz rietumiem no pils\u0113tas centra, kur p\u0101rsvar\u0101 apl\u016bkojamas 19.\u00a0gadsimta \u0113kas, k\u0101 ar\u012b vair\u0101kas 20.\u00a0gadsimta celtnes un atsevi\u0161\u0137i nami, kas, iesp\u0113jams, dat\u0113jami ar 18.\u00a0gadsimtu. Saldus pili Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101 sagr\u0101va zviedru karasp\u0113ks, un t\u0101 nav saglab\u0101jusies (Pirang 1926, 63).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    S\u0113lpils \/ Selburg <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    S\u0113lpils (56\u00b0 31′ 40.854″ N 25\u00b0 36′ 47.25″ E)\u00a0 V\u0101cu orde\u0146a laik\u0101 bija fogteja, fogtam rezid\u0113jot t\u0101d\u0101 pat v\u0101rd\u0101 saukt\u0101 pil\u012b (kas celta 1373.\u00a0gad\u0101). S\u0101kotn\u0113ji Gothards Ketlers apsv\u0113ra domu izv\u0113l\u0113ties S\u0113lpili k\u0101 savu otro rezidenci l\u012bdz\u0101s Kuld\u012bgai. Ta\u010du galu gal\u0101 hercogs izv\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s Jelgavu. Jau pirms 1600.\u00a0gada pils tuvum\u0101 bija att\u012bst\u012bjusies apdz\u012bvota vieta ar skolu un bazn\u012bcu. P\u0113c Formula Regiminis pie\u0146em\u0161anas 1617.\u00a0gad\u0101 S\u0113lpils k\u013cuva par s\u0113dekli vienam no \u010detriem Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes virspilskungiem. Attiec\u012bgais virspilskunga tiesas apgabals stiep\u0101s gar Daugavas kreiso krastu.<\/p>

    1704. gad\u0101 Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101 sak\u0161u sp\u0113ki izn\u012bcin\u0101ja orde\u0146a pili un l\u012bdz\u0101s eso\u0161\u0101 apdz\u012bvot\u0101 vieta tika piln\u012bb\u0101 pamesta. \u0160odien par S\u0113lpili saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s tikai arheolo\u0123isk\u0101s liec\u012bbas. Saglab\u0101jusies ir vien\u012bgi k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101 luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, bet ar\u012b t\u0101 ir drup\u0101s.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Skrunda \/ Schrunden<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Skrunda (56\u00b0 40′ 28.322″ N 22\u00b0 0′ 17.896″ E) atrodas Ventas upes kreisaj\u0101 krast\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di t\u0101 1253.\u00a0gad\u0101 k\u013cuva par da\u013cu no V\u0101cu orde\u0146a p\u0101rvald\u0113 non\u0101ku\u0161\u0101s zemes. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 daudzviet citur ordenis \u0161eit 1368.\u00a0gad\u0101 uzc\u0113la pili \u0161\u0101 apvidus aizsardz\u012bbai un kontrol\u0113\u0161anai. Ta\u010du pils nav saglab\u0101jusies \u2013 t\u0101 tika izn\u012bcin\u0101ta 18.\u00a0gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101. Skrundu sk\u0101ra ar\u012b hercoga J\u0113kaba Ketlera laik\u0101 uzs\u0101kt\u0101 agr\u012bn\u0101 r\u016bpniecisk\u0101 att\u012bst\u012bba \u2013 \u0161eit tika uzceltas pulvera dzirnavas, k\u0101 ar\u012b \u0161aute\u0146u, lielgabalu un naglu ra\u017eotnes. Ar\u012b visi \u0161ie objekti tika izn\u012bcin\u0101ti Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101. 1704.\u00a0gad\u0101 Skrunda uz laiku k\u013cuva par atraitn\u0113s paliku\u0161\u0101s hercogienes rezidenci. Administrat\u012bvaj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 pils\u0113tciems bija pilskunga s\u0113deklis un bija pak\u013cauts Kuld\u012bgas virspilskunga tiesas apgabalam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Talsi \/ Talsen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Talsi \u00a0(57\u00b0 14′ 52.948″ N 22\u00b0 35′ 14.59″ E) izveidoj\u0101s k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101s kur\u0161u pils viet\u0101. 1253.\u00a0gad\u0101\u00a0 \u0161is novads tika nodots V\u0101cu orde\u0146a p\u0101rvald\u0113, un tas \u0161eit 13.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 uz blakus eso\u0161\u0101 pakalna uzb\u016bv\u0113ja savu pili. Pirm\u0101s rakstisk\u0101s zi\u0146as par apdz\u012bvotu vietu dat\u0113jamas ar 1462. un 1503.\u00a0gadu. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Kandava hercogistes laik\u0101 Talsi joproj\u0101m bija ciems un par pils\u0113tu izveidoj\u0101s tikai 19.\u00a0gadsimta nogal\u0113. Kad 1653.\u00a0gad\u0101 Tukums k\u013cuva par virspilskunga tiesas apgabalu, Talsi tika pak\u013cauti t\u0101 tiesiskajai kontrolei k\u0101 viens no iecirk\u0146iem.\u00a0<\/p>

    Talsos joproj\u0101m apl\u016bkojama bl\u012bva un autentiska pils\u0113tvides strukt\u016bra, no kuras lielai da\u013cai ir pie\u0161\u0137irts aizsarg\u0101jam\u0101 pieminek\u013ca statuss. Tom\u0113r no hercogistes laika saglab\u0101jies maz \u0113ku. Vairums no t\u0101m ir celtas 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Starp t\u0101m minama luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kas b\u016bv\u0113ta 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, bet 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 p\u0101rb\u016bv\u0113ta. T\u0101s interjer\u0101 saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s divas 18.\u00a0gadsimta epit\u0101fijas. Bazn\u012bcas tuvum\u0101 atrodas ar\u012b divas 18. gadsimta sinagogu \u0113kas. Diem\u017e\u0113l 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 un 20.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 abas tika p\u0101rveidotas t\u0101, ka to eksterjers ir gandr\u012bz piln\u012bb\u0101 main\u012bjies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Tukums \/ Tuckum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Par Tukuma (56\u00b0 58′ 10.79″ N 23\u00b0 9′ 11.484″ E) v\u0113sturi, pirms \u0161\u012b vieta 1253\u00a0gad\u0101 k\u013cuva par V\u0101cu orde\u0146a vald\u012bjumu, liecina tikai kur\u0161u pilskalns. V\u0101cu ordenis 13.\u00a0gadsimta beig\u0101s \u0161eit uzc\u0113la pili, lai kontrol\u0113tu par Hellweg d\u0113v\u0113to tirdzniec\u012bbas ce\u013cu no R\u012bgas uz K\u0113nigsbergu (Ka\u013ci\u0146ingradu), kas \u0161\u0137\u0113rsoja \u0161o apdz\u012bvoto vietu. Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101 Tukums k\u013cuva par vienu no \u010detriem virspilskungu s\u0113dek\u013ciem. Tukuma virspilskunga tiesas apgabalam bija pak\u013cauti sekojo\u0161i apri\u0146\u0137i: Jaunpils, Auce, Kandava, Sabile un Talsi. \u00a0Hercogs J\u0113kabs pie Tukuma uzc\u0113la vara ra\u017eotni, kuras prec\u012bza atra\u0161an\u0101s vieta ir zin\u0101ma, ta\u010du \u0161obr\u012bd tur atrodas neliels r\u016bpniec\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mums. Vis\u0101 hercogistes laik\u0101 Tukums tom\u0113r neieguva pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. T\u0101s tika pie\u0161\u0137irtas tikai 1798.\u00a0gad\u0101, kad hercogiste tika iek\u013cauta Krievijas imp\u0113rijas sast\u0101v\u0101.<\/p>

    No k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101s V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils ir saglab\u0101ju\u0161ies tikai divi elementi: viens no tor\u0146iem un neliela m\u016bra da\u013ca uz dienvidiem no tirgus laukuma. Lai gan pils\u0113tas centram noteikts aizsarg\u0101jam\u0101 pieminek\u013ca statuss, vairums saglab\u0101ju\u0161os b\u016bvstrukt\u016bru p\u0101rst\u0101v 19.\u00a0gadsimta arhitekt\u016bru ar atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101m 18. un 20.\u00a0gadsimta b\u016bv\u0113m. Pils\u0113tas centr\u0101 visvec\u0101k\u0101 \u0113ka ir luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kas ir celta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 un restaur\u0113ta 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Iepret\u012b tirgus laukumam atrodas viens no vec\u0101kajiem dz\u012bvojamajiem namiem pils\u0113t\u0101. Tas ir celts 18.\u00a0\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, un tur dz\u012bvoja viet\u0113jais aptiek\u0101rs, kur\u0161 bija iece\u013cojis \u0161eit no Pr\u016bsijas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Valdem\u0101rpils \/ Sassmacken<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Valdem\u0101rpils pils\u0113ta (57\u00b0 22′ 8.598″ N 22\u00b0 35′ 28.025″ E) ir izaugusi no zvejnieku ciemata, kas att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s Sasmakas (v\u0101cu Sassmacken) mui\u017eas teritorij\u0101. Agr\u0101kais zin\u0101mais ciemata piemin\u0113jums avotos dat\u0113jams ar 1582.\u00a0gadu. 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 ciemats jau bija izpleties, bet pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas sa\u0146\u0113ma tikai 19.\u00a0gadsimta beig\u0101s, kad hercogiste jau bija p\u0101rst\u0101jusi eksist\u0113t.<\/p>

    Kas attiecas uz arhitekt\u016bras mantojumu, pils\u0113t\u0101 joproj\u0101m apl\u016bkojama 1646.\u00a0gad\u0101 celt\u0101 luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bca, kam pie\u0161\u0137irts aizsarg\u0101jam\u0101 pieminek\u013ca statuss. Ir saglab\u0101jusies ar\u012b k\u0101dreiz\u0113j\u0101 sinagoga, kas b\u016bv\u0113ta 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Kopum\u0101 ielu ainav\u0101 domin\u0113 19.\u00a0gadsimta stils ar 20.\u00a0gadsimta pienesumu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Ventspils \/ Windau\u200b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pirmie nocietin\u0101jumi Ventspil\u012b, kas v\u0113l\u0101k att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s par V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pili (57\u00b0 23′ 37.399″ N 21\u00b0 33′ 52.945″ E), visticam\u0101k b\u016bv\u0113ti 1263.\u00a0gad\u0101 (Zar\u0101ns 2006, 70). Aug\u0161\u0113jos st\u0101vus s\u0101kts celt 15. gadsimt\u0101. Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101 pils tika izmantota k\u0101 garnizona m\u012btne un\u00a0 attiec\u012bgi piel\u0101gota \u0161ai funkcijai. L\u012bdz\u0101s pilij kop\u0161 13.\u00a0gadsimta past\u0101v\u0113ja apdz\u012bvota vieta, kas izplet\u0101s un 1378.\u00a0gad\u0101 sa\u0146\u0113ma pils\u0113tas ties\u012bbas. 1440.\u00a0gad\u0101 pils\u0113tas tirgot\u0101ji s\u0101ka piedal\u012bties Hanzas savien\u012bbas aktivit\u0101t\u0113s. Sal\u012bdzino\u0161\u0101s anal\u012bzes sagatavo\u0161anas gait\u0101 veikt\u0101s apseko\u0161anas laik\u0101 Ventspils muzeja direktora vietnieks un vado\u0161ais p\u0113tnieks Dr. hist.\u00a0Armands Vijups min\u0113ja, ka 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 smil\u0161u k\u0101pas, p\u0101rvietojoties no rietumiem uz austrumiem, lika pamest Ventspils pils\u0113tu. Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes laik\u0101, konkr\u0113ti no 1666. l\u012bdz 1795.\u00a0gadam, Ventspil\u012b rezid\u0113ja pilskungs, kur\u0161 bija pak\u013cauts Kuld\u012bgas virspilskungam. Ventspilij k\u0101 vienai no vissvar\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m Kurzemes hercogistes j\u016bras ost\u0101m bija strat\u0113\u0123iska noz\u012bme ne tikai hercogistes, bet ar\u012b lielvalstu, kuras bija ieinteres\u0113tas p\u0101r\u0146emt Kurzemi sav\u0101 var\u0101, skat\u012bjum\u0101. Rezult\u0101t\u0101 1658.\/59.\u00a0gad\u0101 pils\u0113tu ie\u0146\u0113ma un izlaup\u012bja gan Zviedrija, gan Polija un Zieme\u013cu kara laik\u0101 1701.\u00a0gad\u0101 v\u0113lreiz Zviedrija. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 visas Kurzemes pils\u0113tas ar\u012b Ventspils cieta no m\u0113ra uzliesmojuma 1710.\u00a0gad\u0101.<\/p>

    Ventspils noz\u012bmi dikt\u0113 t\u0101s gandr\u012bz cauru gadu neaizsalsto\u0161\u0101 osta. T\u0101 k\u0101 Ventspils atrodas ar\u012b Ventas upes gr\u012bv\u0101, t\u0101 kalpoja k\u0101 t\u0101ltirdzniec\u012bbas osta Kuld\u012bgas pils\u0113tai, kura savuk\u0101rt bija noz\u012bm\u012bgs punkts pre\u010du p\u0101rkrau\u0161anai no sauszemes uz j\u016bras transporta l\u012bdzek\u013ciem. Hercoga J\u0113kaba Ketlera vald\u012b\u0161anas laik\u0101, kad \u0161eit tika ier\u012bkota kokz\u0101\u0123\u0113tava un ku\u0123u b\u016bves uz\u0146\u0113mums, Ventspils piedz\u012bvoja izaugsmi un p\u0101rtic\u012bbu. Pils\u0113t\u0101 kopum\u0101 tika uzb\u016bv\u0113ti 44\u00a0karaku\u0123i un 75\u00a0tirdzniec\u012bbas ku\u0123i, no kuriem da\u017ei tika p\u0101rdoti Francijai un Anglijai (Ber\u0137is 1969, 64). Ventspils kalpoja ar\u012b k\u0101 osta, caur kuru hercogiste \u012bstenoja j\u016bras tirdzniec\u012bbu ar Rietumeiropas lielvar\u0101m un to kolonij\u0101m, k\u0101 ar\u012b ar sav\u0101m aizj\u016bras kolonij\u0101m Tobago un Gambij\u0101. Ta\u010du 18.\u00a0gadsimta gait\u0101 osta pan\u012bka un tirdzniec\u012bbas oper\u0101ciju apjoms saruka.<\/p>

    \u0160odien Ventspils ir viena no retaj\u0101m pils\u0113t\u0101m, kur piln\u012bb\u0101, lai gan p\u0101rveidot\u0101 veidol\u0101, ir saglab\u0101jusies V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils. Visvec\u0101k\u0101 \u0113ka Ventspil\u012b celta 17.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101 un atrodas tirgus laukum\u0101. Ventspils apmekl\u0113juma laik\u0101 apseko\u0161anas komandai tika izr\u0101d\u012bti vair\u0101ki citi dz\u012bvojamie nami, kas p\u0101rsvar\u0101 dat\u0113jami ar 18. gadsimtu un joproj\u0101m glab\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bgas arhitektonisk\u0101s deta\u013cas no t\u0101 laika. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 Liep\u0101ja Ventspils bija ostas pils\u0113ta, kurai bija nepiecie\u0161amas \u012bpa\u0161as noliktavu telpas tirdzniec\u012bbas vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. Diem\u017e\u0113l saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s tikai divas noliktavu \u0113kas. Vec\u0101k\u0101 koka b\u016bve, iesp\u0113jams, celta 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, ta\u010du ir pamat\u012bgi p\u0101rveidota, piem\u0113rojot to m\u016bsdienu izklaides iest\u0101des vajadz\u012bb\u0101m. Otr\u0101 noliktavas \u0113ka atrodas promen\u0101d\u0113 un ir celta no \u0137ie\u0123e\u013ciem 19.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101. Izskat\u0101s, ka nav saglab\u0101jusies neviena no v\u0113sturiskaj\u0101m bazn\u012bc\u0101m. Sv. Nikolaja luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bcas b\u016bve tika uzs\u0101kta v\u0113l 18.\u00a0gadsimt\u0101, ta\u010du tika pabeigta jau 19. gadsimt\u0101, k\u0101 to apspirin\u0101ja Dr. hist. Armands Vijups.<\/p>

    17. gadsimta nogal\u0113 Zviedrijas spiegi veica Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anu, lai izveidotu kartes, kas var\u0113tu pal\u012bdz\u0113t turpm\u0101k veikt milit\u0101rus iebrukumus \u0161aj\u0101 re\u0123ion\u0101. Lai gan Ventspils karte nesniedza daudz deta\u013cu par pa\u0161u pils\u0113tu, taj\u0101 k\u0101 divi atsevi\u0161\u0137i objekti \u0101rpus pils\u0113tas robe\u017e\u0101m bija iez\u012bm\u0113ta ku\u0123u b\u016bv\u0113tava un ku\u0123u remonta r\u016bpn\u012bca. \u0160odien viet\u0113jie joproj\u0101m zina abu uz\u0146\u0113mumu atra\u0161an\u0101s vietu, lai gan gadsimtu gait\u0101 par tiem saglab\u0101jies maz liec\u012bbu. V\u0113sturisk\u0101 ku\u0123u b\u016bv\u0113tavas vieta ir iek\u013cauta m\u016bsdienu ostas teritorij\u0101. Ku\u0123u remonta r\u016bpn\u012bca atrad\u0101s aug\u0161up gar upi, un attiec\u012bgaj\u0101 viet\u0101 ir uzst\u0101d\u012bts piemi\u0146as akmens.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Starpposma secin\u0101jums: Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes pils\u0113tas<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>

    17\u00a0pils\u0113tu, kur\u0101m bija k\u0101da loma hercogistes laik\u0101, apskats atkl\u0101ja, ka to sp\u0113ja fiziski demonstr\u0113t Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes noz\u012bmi iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137iras.<\/p>

    Jaunjelgavas, S\u0113lpils un Skrundas pils\u0113t\u0101s ar hercogistes laiku dat\u0113jam\u0101s v\u0113sturisk\u0101s urb\u0101n\u0101s strukt\u016bras apjoms sv\u0101rst\u0101s no jebk\u0101da liec\u012bbu tr\u016bkuma l\u012bdz tikai vienai bazn\u012bcai. Aizputes stipr\u0101 puse ir gan vizu\u0101li redzamas V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils drupas, gan hercogistes laik\u0101 taj\u0101s veiktie atjauno\u0161anas darbi, ta\u010du cit\u0101di \u0161aj\u0101 pils\u0113t\u0101 konstat\u0113jams maz strukt\u016bru, kam piemistu ierosin\u0101t\u0101 \u012bpa\u0161as noz\u012bmes univers\u0101l\u0101 v\u0113rt\u012bba. Durb\u0113, Grobi\u0146\u0101 un Sabil\u0113 attiec\u012bg\u0101s liec\u012bbas aprobe\u017eojas ar pilsdrup\u0101m un ar luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bcu katr\u0101 no \u0161\u012bm pils\u0113t\u0101m. Tukum\u0101 l\u012bdz\u0101s pilij un luter\u0101\u0146u bazn\u012bcai k\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137iem elementiem konstat\u0113jama viena 18.\u00a0gadsimta dz\u012bvojam\u0101 \u0113ka. Talsi savuk\u0101rt \u0161\u0137ita interesanti ar savu bl\u012bvo pils\u0113tvides strukt\u016bru. Ta\u010du dzi\u013c\u0101kas anal\u012bzes gait\u0101 atkl\u0101j\u0101s, ka, neskaitot da\u017e\u0101das kulta celtnes, eso\u0161ie nami ir celti p\u0113c 1795.\u00a0gada. L\u012bdz\u012bgs secin\u0101jums tika izdar\u012bts ar\u012b J\u0113kabpil\u012b un Valdem\u0101rpil\u012b, kur vien\u012bg\u0101s celtnes, k\u0101s p\u0101rst\u0101v hercogistes laikmetu, ir vair\u0101ki da\u017e\u0101du tic\u012bbu dievnami, bet vec\u0101k\u0101s dz\u012bvojam\u0101s \u0113kas dat\u0113jamas ar 19.\u00a0gadsimtu. Sald\u016b ar\u012b ielas ainava p\u0101rst\u0101v 19.\u00a0gadsimtu un no Kurzemes hercogistes laikmeta saglab\u0101jusies viena bazn\u012bca.<\/p>

    Daudzviet konstat\u0113tais pietic\u012bgais 16.\u201318.\u00a0gadsimta arhitekt\u016bras liec\u012bbu kl\u0101sts, k\u0101 ar\u012b autentiskuma un integrit\u0101tes tr\u016bkums ir rezult\u0101ts kara post\u012bjumiem un ugunsgr\u0113kiem, k\u0101 ar\u012b nepietiekamiem centieniem \u0161\u0101das liec\u012bbas saglab\u0101t. Kara sekas ir \u012bpa\u0161i labi paman\u0101mas Jelgav\u0101, kur atrodam\u0101 pils ir 20. gadsimta rekonstrukcija, kur\u0101 turkl\u0101t tr\u016bkst ar\u012b ori\u0123in\u0101l\u0101 interjera. L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 cit\u0101s pils\u0113t\u0101s Jelgav\u0101 atrodamas vair\u0101kas 17.\u00a0gadsimta kulta celtnes, ta\u010du p\u0113c 1944.\u00a0gad\u0101 pils\u0113tai nodar\u012btajiem post\u012bjumiem ar\u012b t\u0101s n\u0101c\u0101s rekonstru\u0113t. Liep\u0101j\u0101 apl\u016bkojamas da\u017e\u0101das dz\u012bvojam\u0101s, k\u0101 ar\u012b tirdzniec\u012bbas un kulta celtnes, kas b\u016bv\u0113tas hercogistes laik\u0101, ta\u010du t\u0101s diem\u017e\u0113l cie\u0161 no modifik\u0101cij\u0101m un t\u0101m tr\u016bkst autentiskuma. Ar\u012b Bausk\u0101 liela da\u013ca v\u0113sturisk\u0101s strukt\u016bras ir v\u0113l\u0101k tikusi p\u0101rveidota. Autentisks no hercogistes laikmeta saglab\u0101jies ir tikai Sv\u0113t\u0101 Gara bazn\u012bcas bag\u0101t\u012bgais interjers, k\u0101 ar\u012b aptuveni 15\u00a0dz\u012bvojamie nami. Autentiskuma zi\u0146\u0101 pozit\u012bvi j\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113 Kandava. T\u0101s ielu ainava ir neskarta un labi saglab\u0101jusies. Ta\u010du bl\u012bva arhitekt\u016bras liec\u012bbu kl\u0101tb\u016btne aprobe\u017eojas ar da\u017e\u0101m iel\u0101m, t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di t\u0101 nav sal\u012bdzin\u0101ma ar Kuld\u012bg\u0101 atrodamo pla\u0161o liec\u012bbu kl\u0101stu par Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogisti. Vair\u0101ki interesanti elementi rodami ar\u012b Ventspil\u012b. Pils\u0113t\u0101 atrodas hercogistes teritorij\u0101 vien\u012bg\u0101 piln\u012bb\u0101 saglab\u0101jusies V\u0101cu orde\u0146a pils, k\u0101 ar\u012b dz\u012bvojamie nami un noliktavu \u0113kas, kas p\u0101rst\u0101v hercogistes tirdzniec\u012bbas aktivit\u0101tes. Ta\u010du l\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 cit\u0101s iepriek\u0161 aprakst\u012btaj\u0101s viet\u0101s liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca \u0161o \u0113ku pieredz\u0113ju\u0161as b\u016btiskus p\u0101rveidojumus un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di neatbilst UNESCO noteiktajiem autentiskuma standartiem.<\/p>

    Nosl\u0113gum\u0101 j\u0101secina, ka pils\u0113tu apskats atkl\u0101ja, ka attiec\u012bg\u0101 laika v\u0113sturisk\u0101 urb\u0101n\u0101 strukt\u016bra ir atrodama vis\u0101 Latvijas teritorij\u0101, ta\u010du \u0101rpus Kuld\u012bgas nekur citur \u0161iem materi\u0101liem nepiem\u012bt pietiekams autentiskums un integrit\u0101te, lai tie var\u0113tu sniegt visaptvero\u0161u v\u0113st\u012bjumu par hercogistes laikmetu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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